Valley Vortex Assisted and Topological Protected Microparticles Manipulation with Complicated 2D Patterns in a Star-Like Sonic Crystal

Arranging microparticles into desired patterns, especially in a complicated pattern with a reliable and tunable manner, is challenging but highly desirable in the fields such as biomedicine and tissue engineering. To overcome these limitations, here, by using the concept of topology in acoustics, the valley vortex is utilized to manipulate particles on a large scale with complicated 2D patterns in the star-like sonic crystals at different frequencies. A topologically protected edge state is obtained at the interface of the crystals with different valley Hall phases, which shows the ability of reliable microparticles control along the sharp corner and the capability of robust particles cluster aggregation in a defective system. The results may provide intriguing resources for future microfluidic systems in a complicated and brittle environment.

Monthly Changes in Honey Bee Forewings Estimated Using Geometric Morphometrics

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) wing measurements are often used to discriminate lineages and subspecies. The precision and repeatability of the measurements depends on various factors, including seasonal variation, and differences between left and right wings. The seasonal variation of the cubital index, which is the proportion of two vein lengths, has been investigated, but subspecies can be identified through geometric morphometrics. This method allows both wing size and shape to be determined and analyzed separately. We studied changes in the wing size and shape in consecutive months between June and September as well as the differences between the left and right wings. We found that wing size differed significantly among colonies, months and body sides, but shape differed significantly only among colonies and months but not among body sides. There was also a complicated pattern of interactions between various factors. The seasonal differences in wing shape were much smaller than the differences among colonies and their influence on identification of honey bee lineages was relatively small.

SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs in diagnostic samples are not an indicator of active replication

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in late December 2019 and has spread worldwide. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and employ a complicated pattern of virus genome length RNA replication as well as transcription of genome length and leader containing subgenomic RNAs. Although not fully understood, both replication and transcription are thought to take place in so-called double-membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Here we show detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs in diagnostic samples up to 17 days after initial detection of infection and provide evidence for their nuclease resistance and protection by cellular membranes suggesting that detection of subgenomic RNAs in such samples may not be a suitable indicator of active coronavirus replication/infection.

Therapeutic Intervention for Couples Experiencing Infertility: An Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Approach

The psychological and societal intersectionalities of infertility may give way to a complicated pattern of grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma for couples. Current literature on specific interventions for mixed gender couples undergoing infertility treatments notes significant improvements for couples who enact meaning-based coping mechanisms and who have more effective dyadic communication. Emotionally focused couples therapy provides an avenue to engage meaning-based coping strategies proposed by current research while also expressing the partners’ unique emotional experiences through their own stories. This article presents a specific, emotionally focused counseling approach for couples experiencing infertility; it also lists general implications for practice and makes recommendations for future research.

Effects of Photographic Reviews on Recollections of the Personal Past: A New Perspective on Benefits and Costs

Empirical studies of the power of photographs on recollections of the personal past have produced a complicated set of results, with reports of both costs and benefits on recollection accuracy. The purpose of the selective review offered in the current paper is to cast in new light this complicated pattern of findings by calling for close attention to the acts of looking, including the timing of the looking in relation to acts of remembering. Incorporating a broad range of scholarly perspectives, the current article’s interdisciplinary component points to specific features of photograph-looking experiences that warrant further study. The current review provides an overview of benefits in memory for event and event details, indexed by enhancements in recall and recognition measures. The overview of costs includes reductions in the amount remembered as well as changes in belief about event occurrences. Reconstruction accounts of the basis for these effects follows the analysis of benefits and costs. The new perspective in the current review leads to intriguing directions for future research involving content of photographs, the ways they are obtained, and aspects of the photograph review experience.

SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs in diagnostic samples are not an indicator of active replication

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in late December 2019 and has spread worldwide. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and employ a complicated pattern of virus genome length RNA replication as well as transcription of genome length and leader containing subgenomic RNAs. Although not fully understood, both replication and transcription are thought to take place in so-called double-membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm of infected cells. We here describe detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs in diagnostic samples up to 17 days after initial detection of infection, and provide a likely explanation not only for extended PCR positivity of such samples, but also for discrepancies in results of different PCR methods described by others. Overall, we present evidence that subgenomic RNAs may not be an indicator of active coronavirus replication/infection, but that these RNAs, similar to the virus genome RNA, may be rather stable, and thus detectable for an extended period, most likely due to their close association with cellular membranes.

Comparing Tense and Agreement Productivity in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome, Children With Developmental Language Disorder, and Children With Typical Development

Purpose This study compared and characterized the tense and agreement productivity of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and children with typical development (TD) matched on mean length of utterance. Method Twenty-two boys with FXS ( M age = 12.22 years), 19 children with DLD ( M age = 4.81 years), and 20 children with TD ( M age = 3.23 years) produced language samples that were coded for their productive use of five tense markers (i.e., third-person singular, past tense –ed , copula BE , auxiliary BE , and auxiliary DO ) using the tense and agreement productivity score. Children also completed norm-referenced cognitive and linguistic assessments. Results Children with DLD generally used tense and agreement markers less productively than children with TD, particularly third-person singular and auxiliary BE . However, boys with FXS demonstrated a more complicated pattern of productivity, where they were similar to children with DLD and TD, depending on the tense marker examined. Results revealed that children with DLD and TD showed a specific developmental sequence of the individual tense markers that aligns with patterns documented by previous studies, whereas boys with FXS demonstrated a more even profile of productivity. Conclusions These findings help to further clarify areas of overlap and discrepancy in tense and agreement productivity among boys with FXS and children with DLD. Additional clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Investigating the Effect of Balcony Types on the Naturally-Ventilated Buildings

Natural ventilation is application of natural drift power of wind. Wind can enter and exit buildings through the openings on facades. Hence, Form of facades can impact the air flow behaviour and consequently natural ventilation because they can change the pressure distribution on facades. Moreover, wind pressure difference between windward and leeward facades of buildings is the most important factor affecting natural ventilation. So, it is worthy to focus on facade details in order to enhance natural ventilation. Particularly, geometrical details of facades such as protrusions and indentations e.g. balconies can be considered effective elements on average pressure distribution on both windward and leeward facades, changing pressure difference between these facades. This difference can drive the air flow towards interior spaces significantly. Although this basic rule has been used by different researchers in order to increase natural ventilation buildings, the most research has been studied buildings with flat facades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate effects of balcony types on the natural ventilation. Three types of balcony are simulated and the wind pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades are analysed. All these simulations are carried out for normally (perpendicular) and obliquely incident wind. This study is performed with Ansys Fluent 18 for all simulations. The results showed that balcony types can affect the pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades of buildings, leading to the more or less pressure difference between these two facades. These results show that protrusion (protrusive balcony) can cause more complicated pattern of the wind pressure on facades than the others. Also, Re-entrant balcony causes the more pressure differences between the windward and leeward facades and enhances natural ventilation of buildings more considerably than the protrusive one.

Estimation of the Autumn Migration Pattern of Passerines within the SE European Flyway by Orientation Cage Tests

The general migration pattern of passerines can be estimated using a variety of methods. A number of partial analyses based on ringing data, usually limited to a few species, have been published. A very few continent-scale presentations have been offered, as extremely long periods of ringing activity are necessary for passerines. This is especially true for areas where the recovery rate is very low, including vast areas of north-eastern and eastern Europe and the Middle East/Africa. Similarly, radar and moon-watching studies are of limited value for drawing migration patterns within wider areas. Radar studies require good coverage by the radar systems, while weather radar distribution density and the level of evaluation are very uneven. Modern logger and satellite tracking are more applicable to non-passerines, and as yet enable detailed study only of limited numbers of individuals, and not population studies. At the end of the 20th century, a very simple tool was introduced for field studies on the preferred headings of individual birds caught for ringing, i.e. the use of flat orientation cages. This method was introduced as a standard within the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) in 1995. This study presents a preliminary large-scale evaluation of the data collected within this project. The database used contains more than 43,000 orientation tests performed at 45 ringing sites. The area covered stretches from the northern part of western Russia to southern Egypt and from Italy and Poland to Siberia and Armenia. Eight streams of migration are identified within this area, creating a fairly complicated pattern of avian movements.

7. The Executive in Public Law

This chapter focuses on the executive, the branch of government responsible for initiating and implementing the laws and for acting where necessary to secure the interests of the state. We trace its development out of a medieval model of government structured around the king and his court, to a modern world of offices exercising executive functions, grouped under the legacy term ‘the Crown’. The resulting institutions display a complicated pattern of law and custom, and legal concepts and principles relate to them often in convoluted ways. Our analysis focuses on how executive power is normally understood from the legal point of view—deriving from an authorizing statute via rules made within a government department to eventual application by subordinate officials or agents—and traces some of the ways the courts monitor that process. But we also examine the executive’s non-statutory or ‘prerogative’ powers, the two main compartments of which are treated separately, as the general executive powers and the general administrative powers of the Crown respectively.