Observations on the Morphology and Taxonomy of a Marine Ciliate Species of the Genus Diophrys (Ciliophora: Euplotida)

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Fernandez-Leborans ◽  
Apolonia Novillo
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ciliate ◽  
Ciliate Species

scholarly journals Retention of Prey Genetic Material by the Kleptoplastidic Ciliate Strombidium cf. basimorphum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Maselli ◽  
Konstantinos Anestis ◽  
Kerstin Klemm ◽  
Per Juel Hansen ◽  
Uwe John
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Marine Ciliate ◽  
Ciliate Species ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Nuclear Control

Many marine ciliate species retain functional chloroplasts from their photosynthetic prey. In some species, the functionality of the acquired plastids is connected to the simultaneous retention of prey nuclei. To date, this has never been documented in plastidic Strombidium species. The functionality of the sequestered chloroplasts in Strombidium species is thought to be independent from any nuclear control and only maintained via frequent replacement of chloroplasts from newly ingested prey. Chloroplasts sequestered from the cryptophyte prey Teleaulax amphioxeia have been shown to keep their functionality for several days in the ciliate Strombidium cf. basimorphum. To investigate the potential retention of prey genetic material in this ciliate, we applied a molecular marker specific for this cryptophyte prey. Here, we demonstrate that the genetic material from prey nuclei, nucleomorphs, and ribosomes is detectable inside the ciliate for at least 5 days after prey ingestion. Moreover, single-cell transcriptomics revealed the presence of transcripts of prey nuclear origin in the ciliate after 4 days of prey starvation. These new findings might lead to the reconsideration of the mechanisms regulating chloroplasts retention in Strombidium ciliates. The development and application of molecular tools appear promising to improve our understanding on chloroplasts retention in planktonic protists.

scholarly journals Benthic Marine Ciliate Assemblages from Southern Brazil and Their Relationship with Seasonality and Urbanization Level

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Luana D. Tarragô ◽  
Pedro M. A. Ferreira ◽  
Laura R. P. Utz
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Swash Zone ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Marine Ciliate ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Ciliate Species ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level

Sandy beaches represent two-thirds of littoral zones worldwide. Complex factors such as winds, waves, and sediment characterize this environment. Ciliophora is one of the most diversified unicellular eukaryotic phyla and, in marine sediments, can reach 40 species per cm³. Despite its importance, knowledge about interstitial communities is still lacking. In the present work, we characterized the assemblage of interstitial ciliates from sandy beaches in the north coastal area of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Fourteen sampling sites distributed along the swash zone of seven beaches with different degrees of urban development were sampled over the course of one year. At each site, eight sediment samples were taken, and a total of 51 species distributed in 37 ciliate genera were identified. Classes Spirotrichea (29%) and Karyorelictea (21%) accounted for 50% of ciliate species richness, with the highest richness being observed within the context of an intermediately urbanized setting. Community analyses revealed that ciliate community is influenced by urbanization degree and season, with distinct assemblages occurring in highly urbanized areas. In beaches affected by a high level of human activity, disturbance effects increased diversity, while in areas showing a milder influence of urbanization, the level of disturbance may be low, resulting in lower richness.

Effects of Ca2+ and K+ on motility and photomotility of the marine ciliate Fabrea salina

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spartaco Puntoni ◽  
Roberto Marangoni ◽  
Domenico Gioffré ◽  
Giuliano Colombetti
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ciliate

Divisional morphogenesis in the marine ciliate Holosticha warreni (Ciliophora: Hypotrichida)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Hu ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Alan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Marine Ciliate ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Generation Mode ◽  
The One

The cortical development of the marine hypotrichous ciliate Holosticha warreni, found in coastal waters near Qingdao, China, was investigated using the protargol impregnation method. In the proter, disorganization of the parental adoral zone of membranelles and undulating membranes contributes to the formation of its oral primordia which replace the parental buccal apparatus completely. Cirral anlagen in both division parts derive from the breaking of primary primordia. Most midventral cirri join in the formation of these primordia which occurs de novo separately from the oral primordia. Each of the 11 to 13 oblique streaks divides into three segments (new cirri) while the last two anlagen produce four each. Two frontoterminal cirri derive from the posteriormost anlage. The marginal rows develop from the parental structure. The generation mode of dorsal kineties is of the ‘one group type’ without forming caudal cirri.

scholarly journals SIGAR: Inferring features of genome architecture and DNA rearrangements by split read mapping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Feng ◽  
Leslie Y. Beh ◽  
Wei-Jen Chang ◽  
Laura F. Landweber
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Dna Rearrangements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Microbial Eukaryotes ◽  
Ciliate Species ◽  
Split Read ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genome Assemblies

AbstractCiliates are microbial eukaryotes with distinct somatic and germline genomes. Post-zygotic development involves extensive remodeling of the germline genome to form somatic chromosomes. Ciliates therefore offer a valuable model for studying the architecture and evolution of programmed genome rearrangements. Current studies usually focus on a few model species, where rearrangement features are annotated by aligning reference germline and somatic genomes. While many high-quality somatic genomes have been assembled, a high quality germline genome assembly is difficult to obtain due to its smaller DNA content and abundance of repetitive sequences. To overcome these hurdles, we propose a new pipeline SIGAR (Splitread Inference of Genome Architecture and Rearrangements) to infer germline genome architecture and rearrangement features without a germline genome assembly, requiring only short germline DNA sequencing reads. As a proof of principle, 93% of rearrangement junctions identified by SIGAR in the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax were validated by the existing germline assembly. We then applied SIGAR to six diverse ciliate species without germline genome assemblies, including Ichthyophthirius multifilii, a fish pathogen. Despite the high level of somatic DNA contamination in each sample, SIGAR successfully inferred rearrangement junctions, short eliminated sequences and potential scrambled genes in each species. This pipeline enables pilot surveys or exploration of DNA rearrangements in species with limited DNA material access, thereby providing new insights into the evolution of chromosome rearrangements.

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