Use and Frequency of Occurrence of Verb Forms in Spoken Brazilian Portuguese

Hispania ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Verb Forms

scholarly journals THE PROSODY OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES IN EVENKI AND OROCHON: PITCH

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
Olga N. Morozova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Androsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Challenging Issue ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Pitch Pattern ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Pitch Movement

Imperative sentences in Evenki and Orochon are undoubtedly a challenging issue of their grammar and phonetics. The aspects, on which researchers' opinions diverge, include grammar tense, neutral and inverted word order and prosodic arrangement of the sentences. It is the only type of sentences with the verb in sentences-initial position. Among 14 imperative verb forms (they change in 2 tenses with varying names, 3 persons and 2 numbers; some of them have inclusive and exclusive forms), 2nd-person forms in the Present Tense are characterized by the highest frequency of occurrence. This paper reports the results of an acoustic study of pitch movement in Evenki and Orochon imperative sentences depending on the number of words, syllables and the word order. The following results were obtained. In the Evenki material, two- and three-word syntagmas were characterized mostly by rise-fall pitch pattern while one-word syntagmas could have both rise-fall and fall patterns. Four-syllable-one word syntagmas' pattern was pitch declination while two- and three-syllable-one-word syntagmas could have both rise-fall and declination patterns with similar frequency of occurrence...

scholarly journals Infinitive verbs, verbal agreement and perceived competence / Verbos infinitivos, concordância verbal e competência percebida

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671
Author(s):  
Fernanda Canever ◽  
Ronald Beline Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Variable Number ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Syntactic Context

Abstract: This paper examines how competent speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) sound depending on variable number inflection of infinitive verbs (INF). Recent research has shown high rates of inflected infinitives in syntactic contexts in which it is prescriptively optional, such as adverbial clauses (CANEVER, 2012, 2017). According to that work, inflected infinitives also occur in nonstandard contexts, such as complements of auxiliary verbs, which can be taken as cases of hypercorrection. Informed by these findings and given the prestige usually associated with overtly marking verbal agreement in Brazil (SCHERRE; NARO, 2006, 2014), this study uses a modified matched-guise task (LAMBERT et al., 1960) in order to check whether speakers sound more educated, more intelligent and more formal in their INFflex-guise, and whether these perceptions vary significantly according to the syntactic context, the grammatical person and listeners’ social characteristics (e.g. age). Results show that speakers are judged as more competent-sounding in their uninflected (INFø) guises, contradicting the initial hypothesis. However, further analyses show that this effect is stronger in the hypercorrect context as opposed to the syntactic context in which INFflex is more frequent. These results indicate a relation between frequency of occurrence in production and sociolinguistic perception, with higher rates of use translating into more neutral perceptions. Moreover, older respondents presented stronger reactions to INFflex guises, while younger respondents’ judgments tended to be more neutral. Such age effects suggest a change in progress in the sociolinguistic perceptions associated to (INFflex).Keywords: infinitive verbs; verb-subject agreement; perception.Resumo: Este artigo examina quão competente soa o falante de português brasileiro (PB) a depender da flexão do infinitivo (INF). Pesquisas recentes demonstram altas taxas de infinitivos flexionados em contextos sintáticos opcionais, tais como orações adverbiais (CANEVER, 2012, 2017). De acordo com esses trabalhos, infinitivos flexionados também ocorrem em contextos não padrão, tais como complementos de verbos auxiliares, que podem ser considerados casos de hipercorreção. Considerando-se esses achados e o prestígio usualmente associado à marcação de concordância verbal no Brasil (SCHERRE; NARO, 2006, 2014), este estudo desenvolve uma versão modificada de um teste de estímulos pareados (LAMBERT et al., 1960) para checar se o emprego de INFflex faz com que falantes soem mais educados, mais inteligentes e mais formais, bem como se tais percepções variam a depender do contexto sintático, da pessoa gramatical e de características dos ouvintes (p. ex. idade). Os resultados mostram que falantes foram julgados como mais competentes na presença de INFø, contrariando a hipótese inicial; análises mais detalhadas mostram, porém, que esse efeito é mais forte no contexto de hipercorreção em oposição ao contexto sintático no qual a variante INFflex é mais frequente. Tal resultado indica uma relação entre frequência de ocorrência na produção e percepção sociolinguística, com taxas mais altas de emprego traduzindo-se em percepções mais neutras. Além disso, respondentes mais velhos apresentaram reações mais polarizadas em relação a INFflex enquanto os mais jovens tenderam à neutralidade. Tal efeito de idade sugere uma mudança de percepção sociolinguística em progresso.Palavras-chave: verbos infinivos; concordância verbal; percepção.

scholarly journals Brazilian Portuguese Idiom List. Selected on the Basis of Range and Frequency of Occurrence

Hispania ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Donald D. Walsh ◽  
Charles E. Brown ◽  
Milton L. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence

A Comparison of Home and Clinic Gathered Language Samples

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Scott ◽  
Alicia E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Clinic Setting ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Frequency Counts

Language samples were gathered for 12 normal children representing a range of linguistic levels in a clinic setting with unstructured clinician-child interaction, and the home setting with unstructured mother-child interaction. Comparison of the samples revealed that children with an average utterance length four to five morphemes produced significantly longer utterances in the home setting. A comparison of frequency counts for various forms and construction types indicated the presence of syntactic preferences in each setting that could be traced to the nature of the underlying interaction. Clinic sampling was conducive to the description of ongoing or imminent activity, while home sampling stimulated substantially higher frequencies of past tense and modal verb forms, complex utterances, and questions. While there were frequency of occurrence differences between settings, the variety of forms and construction types was found to be similar. The results should be useful to clinicians as they interpret the significance of the presence, absence, or frequency of various syntactic structures in clinic language samples.

scholarly journals A fresh look at root infinitives from a cross-linguistic perspective

Nordlyd ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Kupisch ◽  
Esther Rinke
Keyword(s):  
Child Language ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Finite Verb

In this paper we examine the relation between the quantity and quality of the adult input to the child and the intensity of the root-infinitive stage in child language. We compare the languages English, French, German, Italian and Brazilian Portuguese and test whether children produce infinitives more extensively if the verb morphology of their target-languages is ambiguous with respect to the distinction between finite and nonfinite verb forms, or whether the token-frequency of nonfinite verbs in the Input is crucial. We conclude by proposing that the latter is not decisive. Rather, children seem to avoid the use of finite verb forms especially in languages whose verb paradigms are characterized by ambiguities. Root infinitives may thus be viewed as a temporary phenomenon in a phase during which children are learning the inflectional properties of their target language.

TEM studies of tweed microstructures in annealed amelia albite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1065
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
D. M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Systematic Trend ◽  
Tweed Structure

Natural Amelia albite (Ab99.3An0.1Or0.6) annealed at 1073° and 924°C for various periods up to 140 days has been studied by NMR. TEM studies of the same sample revealed a distinct tweed microstructure in some samples annealed at both 1073°C and 924°C. On the whole, the quasi-regular tweed has a periodicity of 100 - 200 Å in both directions, one nearly normal to b* and the other approximately parallel to b*, which gives rise to two-directional streaking in SADP’s (Fig. 1 and 2). However, there are some differences in the tweed structure developed on annealing at 1073°C and at 924°C in albite.Albite samples annealed at 1073° show a systematic trend in their development of tweed structures: the regularity, periodicity, and frequency of occurrence increase with annealing time during the first 3 days, and then decrease gradually until no tweed microstructures are seen in samples annealed for more than 15 days. The tweed structure proceeds locally to form one-directional twin-like microstructures.

An Investigation of the Assumptions Underlying the Scoring System of the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale: Revised

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Richard J. Schissel ◽  
Linda B. James
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence

This study examines the assumptions underlying the scoring system of the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale: Revised. Twenty-one children between the ages of four years two months and six years 11 months were administered the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale: Revised and the Screening Deep Test of Articulation. The subjects' performance on the two tests was compared for the phones: [s], [l], [r], [t∫], [θ], [∫], [k], [f], and [t]. Results suggested that 1) the production of most sounds in only two contexts does not necessarily reflect the accuracy of production of those sounds in other contexts, and 2) for the sounds tested, the weightings assigned on the basis of their frequency of occurrence rather than the frequency with which they were misarticulated overestimated the extent of many articulation errors.

Teachers' Stereotypes of Children Who Wear Hearing Aids

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus G. Fisher ◽  
Kenneth Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Child ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Elementary School Child ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Service Training

Classroom teachers were asked to list the traits they felt were characteristic of the elementary school child who wears a hearing aid. These listings were evaluated according to the desirability of the traits and were studied regarding frequency of occurrence, desirability, and educational, emotional, and social implications. The results of the groupings are discussed in terms of pre-service and in-service training.

Direct coding for frequency of occurrence

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iohn Jonides ◽  
Caren M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Of Occurrence
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