scholarly journals Infinitive verbs, verbal agreement and perceived competence / Verbos infinitivos, concordância verbal e competência percebida

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671
Author(s):  
Fernanda Canever ◽  
Ronald Beline Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Variable Number ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Syntactic Context

Abstract: This paper examines how competent speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) sound depending on variable number inflection of infinitive verbs (INF). Recent research has shown high rates of inflected infinitives in syntactic contexts in which it is prescriptively optional, such as adverbial clauses (CANEVER, 2012, 2017). According to that work, inflected infinitives also occur in nonstandard contexts, such as complements of auxiliary verbs, which can be taken as cases of hypercorrection. Informed by these findings and given the prestige usually associated with overtly marking verbal agreement in Brazil (SCHERRE; NARO, 2006, 2014), this study uses a modified matched-guise task (LAMBERT et al., 1960) in order to check whether speakers sound more educated, more intelligent and more formal in their INFflex-guise, and whether these perceptions vary significantly according to the syntactic context, the grammatical person and listeners’ social characteristics (e.g. age). Results show that speakers are judged as more competent-sounding in their uninflected (INFø) guises, contradicting the initial hypothesis. However, further analyses show that this effect is stronger in the hypercorrect context as opposed to the syntactic context in which INFflex is more frequent. These results indicate a relation between frequency of occurrence in production and sociolinguistic perception, with higher rates of use translating into more neutral perceptions. Moreover, older respondents presented stronger reactions to INFflex guises, while younger respondents’ judgments tended to be more neutral. Such age effects suggest a change in progress in the sociolinguistic perceptions associated to (INFflex).Keywords: infinitive verbs; verb-subject agreement; perception.Resumo: Este artigo examina quão competente soa o falante de português brasileiro (PB) a depender da flexão do infinitivo (INF). Pesquisas recentes demonstram altas taxas de infinitivos flexionados em contextos sintáticos opcionais, tais como orações adverbiais (CANEVER, 2012, 2017). De acordo com esses trabalhos, infinitivos flexionados também ocorrem em contextos não padrão, tais como complementos de verbos auxiliares, que podem ser considerados casos de hipercorreção. Considerando-se esses achados e o prestígio usualmente associado à marcação de concordância verbal no Brasil (SCHERRE; NARO, 2006, 2014), este estudo desenvolve uma versão modificada de um teste de estímulos pareados (LAMBERT et al., 1960) para checar se o emprego de INFflex faz com que falantes soem mais educados, mais inteligentes e mais formais, bem como se tais percepções variam a depender do contexto sintático, da pessoa gramatical e de características dos ouvintes (p. ex. idade). Os resultados mostram que falantes foram julgados como mais competentes na presença de INFø, contrariando a hipótese inicial; análises mais detalhadas mostram, porém, que esse efeito é mais forte no contexto de hipercorreção em oposição ao contexto sintático no qual a variante INFflex é mais frequente. Tal resultado indica uma relação entre frequência de ocorrência na produção e percepção sociolinguística, com taxas mais altas de emprego traduzindo-se em percepções mais neutras. Além disso, respondentes mais velhos apresentaram reações mais polarizadas em relação a INFflex enquanto os mais jovens tenderam à neutralidade. Tal efeito de idade sugere uma mudança de percepção sociolinguística em progresso.Palavras-chave: verbos infinivos; concordância verbal; percepção.

Other Romance varieties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Schifano
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Subjunctive Conditional ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Verb Placement ◽  
Selection Of

Chapter 3 extends the investigation of verb placement to other Romance varieties, in order to expand the macro- and micro-typologies identified in Chapter 2. It starts with a description of the placement of the present indicative verb across a selection of varieties of French, Romanian, Spanish, Catalan, European Portuguese, and Brazilian Portuguese. Following the methodology of Chapter 2, the remainder of the discussion is devoted to the description of cases of microvariation attested across the varieties above, which emerge once a selection of structural and interpretative distinctions are considered, such as lexical and auxiliary verbs, ‘have’ and ‘be’ auxiliaries, finite and non-finite verbs (cf. participle and infinitive), as well as a selection of modally, temporally, and aspectually marked forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, past, future, imperfect).

scholarly journals Intra-paradigmatic variation in Eleme verbal agreement

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bond
Keyword(s):  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Serial Verb Constructions ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Mismatches in the morphosyntactic features of controllers and targets in the Eleme (Ogonoid, Niger-Congo) participant reference system allow for a subject agreement paradigm in which the person of the grammatical subject is indicated by a verbal prefix, while plural number is marked by a suffix on different targets — either lexical verbs or auxiliaries — based on the person value of the controller. I examine the distribution of Eleme ‘Default Subject’ agreement affixes and the intra-paradigmatic asymmetry found between second-person plural and third-person plural subjects in Auxiliary Verb Constructions (AVC) and Serial Verb Constructions (SVC). I argue that the criteria by which the various agreement affixes select an appropriate morphological host can be modelled in terms of agreement prerequisites even when distributional variation is paradigm internal.

Morphology in Altaic Languages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Göksel
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Base Modification ◽  
Adjectival Inflection ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
Case Markers

The Altaic languages (Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic) are spread across Eurasia, from Central Asia to the Middle East and the Balkans. The genetic affinity between these subgroups has not been definitively established but the commonality among features and patterns points to some linguistic connections. The main morphological operations in Altaic languages are suffixation and compounding. Generally regarded as morphologically regular with easily identifiable suffixes in which there are clear form-meaning correspondences, the languages, nevertheless, show irregularities in many domains of the phonological exponents of morphosyntactic features, such as base modification, cumulative exponence, and syncretism. Nouns are inflected for number, person, and case. Case markers can express structural relations between noun phrases and other constituents, or they can act as adpositions. Only very few of the Altaic languages have adjectival inflection. Verbs are inflected for voice, negation, tense, aspect, modality, and, in most of the languages subject agreement, varying between one and five person-number paradigms. Subject agreement is expressed through first, second, and third persons singular and plural. In the expression of tense, aspect, and modality, Altaic languages employ predominantly suffixing and compound verb formations, which involve auxiliary verbs. Inflected finite verbs can stand on their own and form propositions, and as a result, information structure can be expressed within a polymorphic word through prosodic means. Affix order is mostly fixed and mismatches occur between morpholotactic constraints and syntactico-semantic requirements. Ellipsis can occur between coordinated words. Derivational morphology is productive and occurs between and within the major word classes of nominals and verbs. Semantic categories can block other semantic categories.

scholarly journals Loci of agreement and deviations from the Mirror Principle in Hungarian verbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Kevin Kwong
Keyword(s):  
Linear Order ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Object Agreement ◽  
Mirror Principle

In this revised account of Hungarian verbal agreement, I propose that the language’s locus of subject agreement is not T, unlike in current Minimalist analyses, but Pred (or Asp), just above direct object agreement in v. Furthermore, the surface linear order of affixes (stem – tense/mood – object agreement – subject agreement) does not conform to the hierarchical order of syntactic heads (V < v < Pred < T/M), thus violating the Mirror Principle, because local dislocation in postsyntactic morphology adjusts the initial linearization of the heads.

Chapter 5. The production of variable number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-131
Author(s):  
Ana Paula S.P. Jakubów ◽  
Letícia M. Sicuro Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Variable Number ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Number Agreement

Remodeling the age variable: Number concord in Brazilian Portuguese

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Julius Naro ◽  
Maria Marta Pereira Scherre
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Set Up

AbstractWe analyze change in variable subject/verb and noun phrase concord in Rio de Janeiro Portuguese using trend samples from 1980 and 1999/2000. Plural marked forms exhibit increased frequency in this period, reversing earlier trends toward loss or stability in a development typical of flows and counterflows in the community. The directionality of most structural and social dimensions does not change, but age patterns shift. Our aim is to investigate how groups of speakers evolve over time. Comparison of same-age groups at different moments does not yield insight and is not conducive to apprehending patterns of evolution because speakers move from one age group to another. We set up age cohorts so as to sample virtually the same universes. Examining age cohorts, we see increased frequency of number concord, although the original pattern of relative usage is preserved. Speakers are on the move, but constrained by social patterns in which they are situated. The pattern is broken precisely by those who were not in it, the unborn in the 1980s, who reverse direction dramatically toward increased usage of concord.

scholarly journals SLANG AND DIALECT IN HARRY POTTER: THE TRANSLATOR AS MEDIATOR OF MARKED LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-162
Author(s):  
Caroline Reis Vieira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies

The present research covers the intersection between Descriptive Translation Studies and Children’s Literature and aims to investigate the important role of the translator as mediator of marked language, more specifically by dialect and slang. This paper is based both on Santos’s (2010) concluded mastering thesis which investigated the translation of the dialect of the character Rubeus Hagrid and Santos’s ongoing PhD research which deals with translation into Brazilian Portuguese of slang words in the Harry Potter series. The initial hypothesis is that dialects and slang words will be translated by standard language and this translator choice is influenced by the particularities of its readership.

scholarly journals O mecanismo da variação da concordância no Português: observações quanto a marcas nos verbos e nos nomes (The mechanism of variation in agreement in Portuguese: observations concerning agreement marking on verbs and nouns)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Norma Da Silva Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Verbal Agreement

Este artigo discute a respeito de fenômenos distintos: a variação da concordância verbal e a de gênero e a de número no sintagma nominal do Português Brasileiro. A apresentação objetiva mostrar que há uma restrição linguística comum aos diferentes fenômenos, que atua fortemente na escolha das variantes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Concordância verbal. Concordância de gênero e de número. Português. Morfemas. ABSTRACTThis paper discusses three different phenomena: variation in verb agreement, and in gender and number agreement in the noun phrase, in Brazilian Portuguese. It aims to show that there is a common linguistic restriction on these different phenomena, which strongly conditions the choice of variants.KEYWORDS: Verbal Agreement. Gender and numbe agrément. Portuguese. Morphemes.

scholarly journals Brazilian Portuguese Idiom List. Selected on the Basis of Range and Frequency of Occurrence

Hispania ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Donald D. Walsh ◽  
Charles E. Brown ◽  
Milton L. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document