Thermoregulatory and Behavioral Responses during Incubation of Free-Living Female Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Haftorn ◽  
Randi Eidsmo Reinertsen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Free Living

Patterns of breeding behaviour and plasma levels of hormones in a free-living population of Pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca

2009 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Silverin ◽  
John C. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Breeding Behaviour

Overcoming prey naiveté: Free‐living marsupials develop recognition and effective behavioral responses to alien predators in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1685-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna P. Bytheway ◽  
Peter B. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Prey Naiveté ◽  
Prey Naïveté

scholarly journals Skin-penetrating nematodes exhibit life-stage-specific interactions with host-associated and environmental bacteria

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Chavez ◽  
Taylor M. Brown ◽  
Adrien Assié ◽  
Astra S. Bryant ◽  
Buck S. Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Environmental Bacteria

Abstract Background Skin-penetrating nematodes of the genus Strongyloides infect over 600 million people, posing a major global health burden. Their life cycle includes both a parasitic and free-living generation. During the parasitic generation, infective third-stage larvae (iL3s) actively engage in host seeking. During the free-living generation, the nematodes develop and reproduce on host feces. At different points during their life cycle, Strongyloides species encounter a wide variety of host-associated and environmental bacteria. However, the microbiome associated with Strongyloides species, and the behavioral and physiological interactions between Strongyloides species and bacteria, remain unclear. Results We first investigated the microbiome of the human parasite Strongyloides stercoralis using 16S-based amplicon sequencing. We found that S. stercoralis free-living adults have an associated microbiome consisting of specific fecal bacteria. We then investigated the behavioral responses of S. stercoralis and the closely related rat parasite Strongyloides ratti to an ecologically diverse panel of bacteria. We found that S. stercoralis and S. ratti showed similar responses to bacteria. The responses of both nematodes to bacteria varied dramatically across life stages: free-living adults were strongly attracted to most of the bacteria tested, while iL3s were attracted specifically to a narrow range of environmental bacteria. The behavioral responses to bacteria were dynamic, consisting of distinct short- and long-term behaviors. Finally, a comparison of the growth and reproduction of S. stercoralis free-living adults on different bacteria revealed that the bacterium Proteus mirabilis inhibits S. stercoralis egg hatching, and thereby greatly decreases parasite viability. Conclusions Skin-penetrating nematodes encounter bacteria from various ecological niches throughout their life cycle. Our results demonstrate that bacteria function as key chemosensory cues for directing parasite movement in a life-stage-specific manner. Some bacterial genera may form essential associations with the nematodes, while others are detrimental and serve as a potential source of novel nematicides.

Prevalence ofSalmonellaandYersiniain Free-Living Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Central Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ruiz-de-Castañeda ◽  
Ana I. Vela ◽  
Elisa Lobato ◽  
Víctor Briones ◽  
Juan Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Free Living

Nervous and behavioral responses to light in colonies of the free-living bryozoan,Selenaria maculata (Busk)

1984 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Berry ◽  
P. J. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Free Living

Behavioral Responses of Free-Living Hoary Marmots to a Model Golden Eagle

1979 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Noyes ◽  
W. G. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Golden Eagle ◽  
Free Living

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

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