The Religious Context of the English Civil War

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morrill
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
The State ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Church

LENGTHY reports survive of speeches by several members of the Long Parliament for 9 November 1640, at the end of the first week of the session. The future royalist militant, George Lord Digby is reported to have begun his address by saying that:you have received now a solemn account from most of the shires of England of the several Grievances and Oppressions they sustain, and nothing as yet from Dorsetshire: Sir I would not have you think that I serve for a Land of Goshen, and that we live there in sunshine, whilst darkness and plagues overspread the rest of the land The future royalist moderate Sir John Culpepper is reported to have begun: I stand not up with a Petition in my hand, I have it in my mouth, and he enumerated the grievances of his shire beginning with the great increase of papists and the obtruding and countenancing of divers new ceremonies in matters of religion. The future Parliamentarian moderate, Harbottle Grimston, said that these petitions which have been read, they are all remonstrances of the general and universal grievances and distempers that are now in the state and Government of the Church and Commonwealth. The future Parliamentarian radical Sir John Wray said:All in this renowned senate, I am confident, is fully fixed upon the true Reformation of all Disorders and Innovations in Church or Religion, and upon the well uniting and close rejoining of the poor dislocated Great Britain. For, let me tell you Mr Speaker, that God be thanked, it is but out of joint and may be well set by the skilful chyrurgeons of this Honourable House.

Dethroning Irish Catholicism: Church, State and modernity in contemporary Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carroll Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Church ◽  
Spiritual Voice

Using Charles Taylor’s A Catholic Modernity? as its starting point, David Cochrane explores the evolving role of Catholicism in Ireland over the last half century and concludes that the disentangling of the Church from the dominant political and cultural institutions of society has paradoxically extended many of the very values Catholicism celebrates. Due to the severing of its close traditional connection to the State, the Church has rediscovered its original mission to provide a prophetic spiritual voice, especially in favour of the poor, and to align itself more closely with the concerns of its founder, Jesus Christ.

Ecclesiastical Reparations and the Soldiers of “The Anarchy”

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
John Of Salisbury ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The Church

In the English civil war of King Stephen's reign combatants frequently damaged church property. Some of this damage was accidental or malicious, but most was due to military exigency; commanders often took advantage of the strategic location of church properties by fortifying, attacking, or robbing them, either to get at the enemy, to deny him sustenance, or to reward their own men. Chroniclers and other clerics angrily decried this plundering and damage of church possessions. Some wrote of whole years “being consumed with depredations and oppressions of churches …,” and the author of theGesta Stephaniaccused the Anglo-Norman barons of having “greedily assailed the property … of the church, which was the wonted and common practice of them all … .” In a famous passage from hisPolicraticus, John of Salisbury cried out “Where are now Geoffrey, Miles, Ranulf, Alan, Simon [and] Gilbert, men who were not so much counts of the kingdom as public enemies?” These men, the earls of Essex, Hereford, Chester, Cornwall, Northampton, and Lincoln, all made John's list of evil-doers because of their actions against the church during the civil war. There were frequent reports of whole towns having been burned with all their churches, and clerics feared assault and robbery on the highways. Undoubtedly many such stories were exaggerated, but the fact remains that during Stephen's reign the English church suffered material damages on a scale unknown for many generations.

scholarly journals “El año del Hambre” en Nueva España, 1785-1786: escasez de maíz, epidemias y "cocinas públicas" para los pobres

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz María Espinosa Cortés
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

El propósito de este trabajo es describir las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno y la Iglesia para enfrentar la crisis de subsistencias de 1785-1786. Esta crisis se originó por una serie de sequías severas, heladas tempranas y lluvias excesivas que mermaron las cosechas de maíz. La crisis dejó desempleo, hambre, migración, epidemias y muerte. Para resolver estos problemas, Don Bernardo de Gálvez, Virrey de Nueva España, ordenó varias medidas como la instalación de cocinas públicas para alimentar a los pobres, dar refugio de emergencia a los pobres (mujeres, niños, ancianos e incapacitados), dar empleo a los jóvenes y adultos sanos en la ejecución de obras públicas del Estado y la Iglesia, fomentar la agricultura de riego y recetas de cocina que sustituyeran al maíz. En conclusión, el propósito de las medidas de Gálvez fue proteger la paz social en la Nueva España y con ello, los intereses económicos del Estado y la Iglesia.Palabras clave: desempleo, pobreza, mortalidad, hambre, migración"The Year of Hunger" in New Spain, 1785-1786: corn shortage, epidemics and "soup kitchens" for the poor.Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to describe the measures adopted by the government and the Church to address the food crisis of 1785-1786. This crisis was caused by a series of severe droughts, early frosts and excessive rains that reduced the maize harvests. The crisis left to unemployment, hunger, migration, disease and death. To resolve these problems, Don Bernardo de Gálvez, Viceroy of New Spain, he ordered various measures as the installation of soup kitchens for feeding the poor, provide emergency shelter to the poor (women, children, elderly and disabled); provide employment for the young and healthy adults in the execution of public works the State and the Church; promote irrigated agriculture, and recipes cooking that replace maize. In conclusion, Gálvez purpose was to protect social peace in the New Spain and with it, all the economic interests the State and the Church. Keywords: Unemployment, poverty, mortality, hunger, migration

Biblical Philology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk van Miert
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

Chapter 2 gives an example of how historiography has hitherto been skewed in favour of aligning philology with latitudinarian readings of the Bible. Philology was not the prerogative of the more libertine faction in the Reformed Orthodox Church; on the contrary, it was the orthodox Franciscus Gomarus who excelled in biblical scholarship. Philology was only of marginal concern in the highly public theological discussion in the decade following the death of Scaliger in 1609: the ‘Troubles’ over predestination and the relation between the State and the Church, which brought the nascent Dutch state to the brink of civil war. Arminius professed to value philological methods in his letters and showed an insight into recent developments, but this was of no consequence for his dogmatic position. His adversary Franciscus Gomarus proved a far more accomplished philologist than Arminius, but his philological work postdates the Troubles and has therefore been largely ignored.

The Polemics of John Heigham and Richard Montagu and the Rise of English Arminianism

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Thomas Scheck
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Religious Controversy ◽  
The Church

The English Catholic apologist John Heigham (1568–1632) deserves to be better known in light of the significant historical consequences of his efforts in the field of Catholic apologetics. Heigham’s tract, The Gagge of the Reformed Gospel (1623) accused the Reformed Church in England of heresy and innovation and summoned the readers back to the Roman Catholic Church. This work was answered by Richard Montagu (1577–1641), the future bishop of Chichester and Norwich in his book, A New Gagg for an Old Goose (1624). Montagu’s book provoked a storm of controversy within the Church of England because the author simultaneously replied to Heigham’s Catholic arguments and attacked Calvinism within the Church of England, which he labelled ‘Puritanism’. A series of books attacking Montagu were then published by English Calvinists who accused Montagu of popery and of betrayal of the Reformed cause. These disputes contributed to the Calvinist/Arminian division within the Anglican Church, a religious controversy that was one of the contributing causes of the English Civil War. Thus the seed planted by Heigham’s tract grew into a forest of religious controversies and ended in a war. This article summarizes the content of Heigham’s tract and the principal ideas of his Catholic apologetics, after recounting the main events of Heigham’s little known life. Then Montagu’s response will be surveyed and the reactions it spawned.

“Men Buy Their Slaves, Women Buy Their Masters”: Theories of Liberty in Thomas Middleton’s City Tragedy

2020 ◽  
pp. 174387212091117
Author(s):  
Natalie Suzelis
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
The Public ◽  
Home Reading ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insight Into

This paper provides a feminist critique of theories of liberty in two of Thomas Middleton’s city tragedies. Expanding on the neo-Roman theories of liberty presented by Quentin Skinner in Liberty Before Liberalism, I connect Middleton’s city tragedies to feminist critiques from Mary Nyquist and Ellen Mieksins Wood. Close readings of Women Beware Women and The Revenger’s Tragedy reveal connections between Middleton’s radical critiques of tyranny in later theories of liberty of the English Civil War. Because Middleton’s critiques are explored through both the state and marriage relations, I argue that Middleton exposes the same contradictions of liberty in the institution of the family, providing insight into notions of slavery, servitude, and coercion under the public rule of the sovereign and in the privacy of the home. Reading such contradictions back through Middleton, can, I argue, allow for a better understanding of feminist critiques of such theories of liberty.

scholarly journals The ministry of women among early Calvinistic Baptists

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Birch
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Works ◽  
Women Preachers ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Congregational Participation ◽  
The Church

AbstractAlthough there is considerable documentation of women preachers during the English Civil War period and the Interregnum, it is clear that such activities were not encouraged among English Calvinistic Baptists, and most especially among Particular Baptists. Yet there was a tension in even the most restrictive Baptist teaching on this subject. For since Baptists had opened the door to congregational participation in the public ministry of the church, they were faced with the problem of partially closing that door in order to restrict the ministry of women to that ofdiakonia, and good works. Nevertheless, a small number of women have been identified as both prophets and Particular Baptists, and the nature and context of their ministry illustrates the role of women in early Baptist communities.

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