scholarly journals On the Dating of the English and Scottish Ballads

PMLA ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Louise Pound
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
History Of

The practice has established itself among literary historians and anthologists of associating the English and Scottish ballads primarily with the fifteenth century, sometimes with the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. One of the best and most popular of the histories of English literature now used in schools and colleges states in its revised editions: “These ballads appear to have flourished luxuriantly among the folk in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, after which their composition ceased. Over three hundred of them, in 1,300 versions, have survived, and have been collected and printed.” The now widely used History of English Literature by M. Emile Legouis, the most ambitious among recent histories of our literature, remarks of the ballads: “They cannot all be claimed for the fifteenth century, for poems of this sort must have had an earlier beginning and certainly were produced until a later time, but the impulse to make them seems to have been particularly active in this century, to which, moreover, the oldest extant specimens belong.” A recent excellent poetical anthology has: “Ballad is the name applied to a simple form of narrative poetry which in England and Scotland flourished between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries.” Statements like these leave with readers the definite impression that the fifteenth century was the heyday of ballad production, and that the bulk of the three hundred ballads in Professor Child's collection emerged from this century, or from an even earlier period.

Art, Allegory and the Rise of Shi'ism in Iran, 1487-1565

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Kia
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
Illustrated Text ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Subject ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Some of the world’s most exquisite medieval paintings, from late fifteenth-century Herat and the early Safavid workshops, illustrate well-known episodes of popular romances––like Leyla & Majnun––that give prominence to depictions of unrelated figures such as a milkmaid or a spinner at the scene of the hero Majnun’s death. This interdisciplinary study aims to uncover the significance of this enigmatic, century-long trend from its genesis at the Timurid court to its continued development into the Safavid era. The analysis of iconography in several luxury manuscript paintings within the context of contemporary cultural trends, especially the ubiquitous mystical and messianic movements in the post-Mongol Turco-Persian world, reveals the meaning of many of these obscure figures and scenes and links this extraordinary innovation in the iconography of Persian painting to one of the most significant events in the history of Islam: the takeover of Iran by the Safavids in 1501. The apparently inscrutable figures, which initially appeared in illustrations of didactic Sufi narrative poetry, allude to metaphors and verbal expressions of Sufi discourse going back to the twelfth century. These “emblematic” figure-types served to emphasize the moral lessons of the narrative subject of the illustrated text by deploying familiar tropes from an intertextual Sufi literary discourse conveyed through verses by poets like Rumi, Attar and Jami, and ended up complementing and expressing Safavid political power at its greatest extent: the conversion of Iran to Shiism.

Poetics of the Pillory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Keymer
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Government Control ◽  
History And Criticism ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Restoration Measure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Argument Proceeds ◽  
Prior Restraint

On the lapse of the Licensing Act in 1695, Thomas Macaulay wrote in his History of England, ‘English literature was emancipated, and emancipated for ever, from the control of the government’. It’s certainly true that the system of prior restraint enshrined in this Restoration measure was now at an end, at least for print. Yet the same cannot be said of government control, which came to operate instead by means of post-publication retribution, not pre-publication licensing, notably for the common-law offence of seditious libel. For many of the authors affected, from Defoe to Cobbett, this new regime was a greater constraint on expression than the old, not least for its alarming unpredictability, and for the spectacular punishment—the pillory—that was sometimes entailed. Yet we may also see the constraint as an energizing force. Throughout the eighteenth century and into the Romantic period, writers developed and refined ingenious techniques for communicating dissident or otherwise contentious meanings while rendering the meanings deniable. As a work of both history and criticism, this book traces the rise and fall of seditious libel prosecution, and with it the theatre of the pillory, while arguing that the period’s characteristic forms of literary complexity—ambiguity, ellipsis, indirection, irony—may be traced to the persistence of censorship in the post-licensing world. The argument proceeds through case studies of major poets and prose writers including Dryden, Defoe, Pope, Fielding, Johnson, and Southey, and also calls attention to numerous little-known satires and libels across the extended period.

Law in Common

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Common People ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
Late Medieval England

There were tens of thousands of different local law-courts in late-medieval England, providing the most common forums for the working out of disputes and the making of decisions about local governance. While historians have long studied these institutions, there have been very few attempts to understand this complex institutional form of ‘legal pluralism’. Law in Common provides a way of apprehending this complexity by drawing out broader patterns of legal engagement. The first half of the book explores four ‘local legal cultures’ – in the countryside, towns and cities, the maritime world, and Forests – that grew up around legal institutions, landscapes, and forms of socio-economic practice in these places, and produced distinctive senses of law. The second half of the book turns to examine ‘common legalities’, widespread forms of social practice that emerge across these different localities, through which people aimed to invoke the power of law. Through studies of the physical landscape, the production of legitimate knowledge, the emergence of English as a legal vernacular, and the proliferation of legal documents, it offers a new way to understand how common people engaged with law in the course of their everyday lives. Drawing on a huge body of archival research from the plenitude of different local institutions, Law in Common offers a new social history of law that aims to explain how common people negotiated the transformational changes of the long fifteenth century through legality.

scholarly journals Leiomyosarcoma of the Tracheostomy Site in a Patient with History of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 912-917
Author(s):  
Zainub Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Moiz Khan ◽  
Lezah McCarthy ◽  
Allison Lupinetti ◽  
Syed Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rare Malignancy

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the trachea is an extremely rare malignancy with only a few reported cases in English literature. As such the diagnosis can be frequently missed or delayed. We present a case of a 69-year-old male who underwent tracheostomy for airway obstruction secondary to glottic squamous cell carcinoma and treated definitely with radiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient developed LMS of the tracheostomy site. The case further details multiple risk factors that could contribute to development of LMS including radiation exposure, prior malignancy, and chronic inflammation. These risk factors have been well established for LMS in other sites but less so in the head and neck region, which is the subject of our discussion. We also review the current guidelines for head and neck as well as limb sarcomas and discussed role of surgery or radiation and their accompanying challenges in management of this rare malignancy.

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