Fishing and the Ground-Fish Assemblage Structure in the North-Western North Sea: An Analysis of Long-Term and Spatial Trends

10.2307/5738 ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P.R. Greenstreet ◽  
Stephen J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Trends ◽  
North Western

The Storm, 1618–49

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
North Western

This chapter discusses the Thirty Years' War. It shows that, when the Scots and then the English Protestants took up arms between 1638 and 1642 they followed the Dutch in committing to the defence of their Reformation by force. This was the first in a series of conflicts which did not secure Protestantism in England until 1689, or Calvinism in Scotland until 1707. These struggles on both sides of the North Sea were intertwined, beginning with a Scots rebellion supported by soldiers returning from the Netherlands and elsewhere, and ultimately hinging upon a Dutch invasion of England in 1688–9. In the long term, Reformation could only be defended in North-Western Europe by a multinational (and cross-confessional) military alliance against Louis XIV and James II.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of a rural landscape on the structure and trophic organization of a fish assemblage

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Sartori Manoel ◽  
Virginia Sanches Uieda
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aim We investigated the long-term effects of a rural landscape on the structure and trophic organization of a fish assemblage. Methods We compared environmental data and data from fish assemblage structure and trophic organization sampled in a stream located in a rural area, within a time gap of 20 years. Results We observed only punctual changes in the environmental variables and fish structure, which may not be related to the rural landscape. In fish diet, insectivory remained predominant in all sample periods. However, when we analyzed the groups of hexapods consumed by the fish species, we found a substitution of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera by Diptera over time. Conclusions Although the fish assemblage structure was not affected, the insectivore diet analysis showed that the stream stretch could be in an ongoing process of environmental quality loss, once the simplification in the macroinvertebrates assemblage structure over time is indicative of environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Long-term variability in the diversity of North Sea zooplankton

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lindley ◽  
S.D. Batten
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
North Western

Results from the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey were used to study long-term changes in the zooplankton of four regularly sampled areas of the North Sea. The trends in α-diversity are described and analysed. Species associated with inflow of oceanic or mixed waters from the Atlantic or shelf to the west and south of Britain have increased in abundance or frequency of occurrence. Meroplankton have also increased but resident holoplankton and those associated with colder oceanic or mixed waters have declined. These changes have resulted in an increase in the species richness in the areas in the north-western North Sea. There was a period of low diversity in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the most southerly area, furthest from the sources of inflow. The evidence for a long-term trend was stronger than relationships between diversity and either the North Atlantic Oscillation or variation in position of the Gulf Stream in the western Atlantic.

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