THE ROLE OF THE IRISH COLLEGE IN THE SUPPRESSION OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS (1771–1773)

Half-Truths ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 17-46
Keyword(s):  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Irish College

Music in Global Jesuit Missions, 1540–1773

2018 ◽  
pp. 597-634
Author(s):  
David R. M. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Global Missions ◽  
High Courts ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Pacific

The Society of Jesus has long been recognized for its global contribution to the study, practice, and dissemination of European music in the early modern period, and especially for its interactions with non-European music cultures. In Europe, Jesuit colleges played a seminal role in music education and the development of music in drama, major sacred works were composed by or for Jesuits, and treatises on music were written by Jesuit theorists. In the Americas and on islands in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, music served as a device for evangelization and conversion of indigenous peoples; in some of the missions, European music was cultivated to a level reported as comparable with standards of cities in Europe. Meanwhile, elite Jesuit scholars who gained access to high courts in Asia engaged in dialogue with local scholars, impressing powerful potentates and distinguishing themselves through their talent in music and their skills in astronomy, mathematics, cartography, languages, and diplomacy. This chapter surveys and critiques the diverse role of music within the global missions of the early modern Society of Jesus, with case studies drawn from Europe, the Americas, and Asia.

Portugal and Spain, 1754–1767

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-195
Author(s):  
Dale K. Van Kley
Keyword(s):  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
King Of France

This chapter looks at how the role of France in the demise of the Society of Jesus turned out to be as pivotal as the Italian Augustinians had hoped it would be. The plotting and planning began in Rome after Clément's visit there in 1758–1759. Regretting that the Damiens affair in France had not led to a general assault against the Jesuits, Bottari suggested that in order to extinguish the Society without recourse to the papacy, it would “suffice if other important princes such as the King of France or Spain would slay them in his realm,” in which case other states might follow suit. At that point Bottari found inspiration in the example of Portugal, and it is there that the process began.

scholarly journals Jesuit Sanctity: Hypothesizing the Continuity of a Hagiographic Narrative of the Modern Age

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Franco Motta ◽  
Eleonora Rai
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
History Of

Abstract The introduction to this special issue provides some considerations on early modern sanctity as a historical object. It firstly presents the major shifts in the developing idea of sanctity between the late medieval period and the nineteenth century, passing through the early modern construction of sanctity and its cultural, social, and political implications. Secondly, it provides an overview of the main sources that allow historians to retrace early modern sanctity, especially canonization records and hagiographies. Thirdly, it offers an overview of the ingenious role of the Society of Jesus in the construction of early modern sanctity, by highlighting its ability to employ, create, and play with hagiographical models. The main Jesuit models of sanctity are then presented (i.e., the theologian, the missionary, the martyr, the living saint), and an important reflection is reserved for the specific martyrial character of Jesuit sanctity. The introduction assesses the continuity of the Jesuit hagiographical discourse throughout the long history of the order, from the origins to the suppression and restoration.

«Ultimamente con non poco travaglio alla Cocincina si videro»: viaggiatori gesuiti in Asia orientale nel secolo XVII

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-262
Author(s):  
Carlo Pelliccia
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
East Asia ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
Mutual Knowledge ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

This article examines one section, Regno della Cocincina of the unpublished manuscript Ragguaglio della missione del Giappone (17th century) preserved in the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (ARSI). I analyze the historical-political, socio-cultural, ethnographic, and geographical information conveyed by the report’s author. The text explores the role of the Society of Jesus’ correspondence in the phenomenon of cultural interaction and mutual knowledge between Europe and East Asia in the early modern era.

scholarly journals The Spiritual Exercises and Illuminism in Spain: Dominican Critics of the Early Society of Jesus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Terence O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Divine Guidance

The recovery of important historical texts in the last half century has provoked a reevaluation of the features of Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises that have been described as “mystical” (especially their contemplative dimension and their implicit pneumatology), inviting us to reconsider the history of their composition and first reception, including the relationship between the spirituality of Ignatius to which they give expression, and the teachings of the illuminists or alumbrados. This article furthers this discussion by examining criticisms directed against the Spiritual Exercises during the last decade of Ignatius’s life by two Spanish Dominicans, Melchor Cano and Tomás de Pedroche, who found parallels between the Exercises and the theology of the illuminists. These criticisms were serious enough to affect the received interpretation of what we now call the mystical aspects of the Exercises leading up to its codification in the Official Directory of 1599, particularly regarding the place, if any, of contemplation in the lives of the laity, the role of consolation in prayer, and the experience of direct divine guidance.

scholarly journals Nanban Art and its Globality: A Case Study of the New Spanish Mural The Great Martyrdom of Japan in 1597

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-56
Author(s):  
Rie Arimura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemological Understanding ◽  
Simple Product

Traditionally, nanban art has been seen as a simple product of exchanges between Japan, Portugal and Spain. The historiography tends to solely focus on artistic contributions of the Society of Jesus due to the foundation of a painting school in Japan. Thereby, the relevance of the Indo-Portuguese route in the cross-cultural history has been emphasized. However, the research advances of the last decades identify that nanban works consist of artistic inheritances from diverse regions of the world which were connected through the Portuguese and Spanish transoceanic routes. Similarly, Japanese nanban art influenced the artistic productions on the other side of the world. In summary, nanban art cannot be understood without taking into account its global implications. This paper clarifies the changes in epistemological understanding of nanban art, and its redefinitions through a historiographical review. This work also shows the important role of Spanish America in the artistic exchange mechanisms; these interactions occurred reciprocally. Therefore, the New World was one of the regions where Japanese art significantly influenced local productions. To exemplify this phenomenon, we address the influence of nanban art on the mural painting The great martyrdom of Japan in 1597 in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.

The Divine and the Self

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Isabel Oleas-Mogollón
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Spiritual Transformation ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
The Church ◽  
Reflective Surfaces

This essay analyzes the decorative program of Quito's Jesuit church—better known as the church of La Compañía—and the meanings of the different reflective materials that adorned it in the eighteenth century, in particular, gilded surfaces and mirrors. Paying special attention to these elements, this essay demonstrates that reflective surfaces helped shape colonial religious experience. Based on colonial sources, this essay reconstructs the wealth of La Compañía's interior, which changed significantly after the expulsion of the Society of Jesus from the Americas in 1767. It also analyzes the role of the church's shining interior in defining the building as a manifestation of the divine and in elevating religious devotion. Moreover, this essay emphasizes the role that reflective surfaces in general, and gilding and mirrors in particular, played in showcasing the alleged supremacy of Christian religion over local indigenous beliefs. Finally, it studies the significance of mirrors and specular metaphors in contemporary Jesuit theory and private devotional practices. This essay proposes that mirrors and their reflective qualities were essential in shaping the Christian identity of the colonial subject, promoting introspection and advancing the faithful's spiritual transformation. Paradoxically, indigenous symbolism surrounding reflective materials and objects complicated the success of the Society of Jesus's agenda and enabled the indigenous local population to develop a more flexible version of Christianity. RESUMEN Este artículo analiza el programa decorativo de la iglesia jesuita de Quito, más conocida como la iglesia de La Compañía, y los significados de los diferentes materiales reflectantes que la adornaron en el siglo XVIII, en particular las superficies doradas y espejos. Al prestar especial atención a estos elementos, este ensayo demuestra que las superficies reflectantes ayudaron a moldear la experiencia religiosa colonial. Basado en fuentes coloniales, este artículo reconstruye la riqueza del interior de La Compañía, la cual cambió significativamente después de la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús de las Américas en 1767. También analiza el papel del brillante interior de la iglesia en la definición del edificio como una manifestación de lo divino, y en la elevación de la devoción religiosa. Además, este ensayo enfatiza el papel que las superficies reflectantes en general, y los dorados y espejos en particular, jugaron para mostrar la supuesta supremacía de la religión cristiana sobre las creencias indígenas locales. Finalmente, estudia la importancia de los espejos y de las metáforas especulares en la teoría jesuita contemporánea y en las prácticas devocionales privadas. Este artículo propone que los espejos y sus cualidades reflexivas fueron esenciales para moldear la identidad cristiana del sujeto colonial, promover la introspección y hacer avanzar la transformación espiritual de los fieles. Paradójicamente, el simbolismo indígena que rodea los objetos y materiales reflectantes complicó los fines de la Compañía de Jesús y permitió a la población local indígena desarrollar una versión más flexible del cristianismo. RESUMO Este artigo analisa o programa decorativo da igreja jesuíta de Quito – mais conhecida como a igreja de La Compañía – e os significados dos diferentes materiais refletivos que a adornaram no século XVIII, em particular superfícies douradas e espelhos. Dando especial atenção a esses elementos, este ensaio demonstra que as superfícies reflexivas ajudaram a moldar a experiência religiosa colonial. Baseado em fontes coloniais, este artigo reconstrói a riqueza do interior de La Compañía, que mudou significativamente após a expulsão da Companhia de Jesus das Américas em 1767. Também analisa o papel do interior brilhante da igreja na definição do edifício como uma manifestação do divino e elevando a devoção religiosa. Além disso, este ensaio enfatiza o papel que as superfícies reflexivas em geral, e os douramentos e espelhos em particular, desempenharam na demonstração da suposta supremacia da religião cristã sobre as crenças indígenas locais. Finalmente, estuda o significado de espelhos e metáforas especulares na teoria jesuítica contemporânea e práticas devocionais privadas. Este artigo propõe que os espelhos e suas qualidades reflexivas são essenciais para moldar a identidade cristã do sujeito colonial, promovendo a introspecção e promovendo a transformação espiritual do fiel. Paradoxalmente, o simbolismo indígena em torno de materiais e objetos reflexivos complicou o sucesso da agenda da Companhia de Jesus e permitiu que a população local indígena desenvolvesse uma versão mais flexível do cristianismo.

Confession-Building, Long-Distance Networks, and the Organization of Jesuit Science

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Intellectual Elites ◽  
Regular Contact

AbstractThe ability of the Society of Jesus to engage in a broad and enduring tradition of scientific activity is here addressed in terms of its programmatic commitment to the consolidation and extension of the Catholic confession (i.e., to a multi-pronged program of confession-building) and its mastery of the administrative apparatus necessary to operate long-distance networks. The Society's early move into two major apostolates, one in education and the other in the overseas missions, brought Jesuits into regular contact with the educated elites of Europe and at the same time placed the Society's missionaries in remote parts of the natural world. The modes of organization of travel and communication required by the Society's long-distance networks (i.e., the training and deployment of reliable agents willing to work under direction in remote locations and capable of providing trustworthy reports and observations to their superiors through regular exchange of correspondence) not only facilitated scientific communication and collaboration within the order, it also provided Jesuits with the resources they needed to engage successfully in 'ministries among the learned'. Evidence of a sustained attempt by Jesuit authors to assume the role of Kulturträger is found in the several genres of scientific publications that dominate the Society's scientific corpus. Thus the Society's early recognition of the "apostolic value" of scientific publications in recruiting friends and allies among Europe's intellectual elites, I argue, allowed a robust interest in natural knowledge to emerge as a legitimate part of the Jesuit vocation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document