Comparison of abnormalities in the sequence of growth stages in the skeletal maturity index vs cervical vertebral maturation: A retrospective study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/051821-393.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David D. Chung ◽

Sepand Ghanouni

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Maturity Index ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Age Assessment ◽

Retrospective Design ◽

Skull Radiographs ◽

Cervical Vertebral Maturation

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the frequency of abnormal progression that could ultimately affect the reliability of the skeletal maturity index (SMI) and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method that are most commonly used analyses for skeletal age assessment. Materials and Methods A retrospective design was used to compare 299 hand-wrist radiographs with 299 lateral skull radiographs regarding the number of abnormalities in the proposed sequence of maturation in the SMI and CVM methods. Results A significantly greater number of abnormalities occurred in the sequence of CVM progression compared with SMI (P < .001). Sex and age did not have an effect. Conclusions Skeletal age assessment based on SMI is more accurate than CVM regarding the progressive sequence of stages.

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Chronological Age in Different Bone Development Stages: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Abel Emanuel Moca ◽

Luminița Ligia Vaida ◽

Rahela Tabita Moca ◽

Anamaria Violeta Țuțuianu ◽

Călin Florin Bochiș ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Bone Development ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Development Stages ◽

Retrospective Comparative Study ◽

Cervical Vertebral Maturation

The assessment of an individual’s development by investigating the skeletal maturity is of much use in various medical fields. Skeletal maturity can be estimated by evaluating the morphology of the cervical vertebrae. The aim of this study was to conduct comparisons of the chronological age in different bone development stages. The retrospective study was conducted based on lateral cephalometric radiographs belonging to patients with ages between 6 and 15.9 years, from Romania. For the assessment of skeletal maturity, the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method was used. In total, 356 radiographs were selected, but after applying the exclusion criteria, 252 radiographs remained in the study (178 girls and 74 boys). Different mean chronological age values were obtained for the general sample, as well as for the two genders. The chronological age started to be significantly different at the CS4 stage. Patients with CS4, CS5, and CS6 stages had a significantly higher chronological age compared to patients with CS1, CS2, and CS3 stages. It was noted that patients with CS1 and CS2 stages were more frequently boys, while patients with the CS5 stage were more frequently girls.

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A Bayesian Approach to Multistage Fitting of the Variation of the Skeletal Age Features

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2009/623853 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Dong Hua ◽

Dechang Chen ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Abdou Youssef

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Approach ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Variation Pattern ◽

Age Assessment ◽

Stage Separation ◽

Feature Characterization ◽

Age Features ◽

Ossification Centers ◽

Global And Local

Accurate assessment of skeletal maturity is important clinically. Skeletal age assessment is usually based on features encoded in ossification centers. Therefore, it is critical to design a mechanism to capture as much as possible characteristics of features. We have observed that given a feature, there exist stages of the skeletal age such that the variation pattern of the feature differs in these stages. Based on this observation, we propose a Bayesian cut fitting to describe features in response to the skeletal age. With our approach, appropriate positions for stage separation are determined automatically by a Bayesian approach, and a model is used to fit the variation of a feature within each stage. Our experimental results show that the proposed method surpasses the traditional fitting using only one line or one curve not only in the efficiency and accuracy of fitting but also in global and local feature characterization.

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Creation and Validation of a Shorthand Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Age Assessment Tool of the Knee as an Alternative Skeletal Maturity Assessment

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/03635465211032986 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652110329

Author(s):

Cary S. Politzer ◽

James D. Bomar ◽

Hakan C. Pehlivan ◽

Pradyumna Gurusamy ◽

Eric W. Edmonds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Bone Age ◽

Mri Scan ◽

Perfect Agreement ◽

Age Assessment ◽

Left Hand ◽

Knee Mri ◽

Bone Age Assessment ◽

Hand Radiograph

Background: In managing pediatric knee conditions, an accurate bone age assessment is often critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes. Historically, the Greulich and Pyle atlas (hand atlas) has been the gold standard bone age assessment tool. In 2013, a shorthand bone age assessment tool based on this atlas (hand shorthand) was devised as a simpler and more efficient alternative. Recently, a knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bone age atlas (MRI atlas) was created to circumvent the need for a left-hand radiograph. Purpose: To create a shorthand version of the knee MRI atlas. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A shorthand bone age assessment method was created utilizing the previously published MRI atlas, which utilizes several criteria that are visualized across a series of images. The MRI shorthand draws on characteristic criteria for each age that are best observed on a single MRI scan. For validation, we performed a retrospective assessment of skeletally immature patients. One reader performed the bone age assessment using the MRI atlas and the MRI shorthand on 200 patients. Then, 4 readers performed the bone age assessment with the hand atlas, hand shorthand, MRI atlas, and MRI shorthand on a subset of 22 patients in a blinded fashion. All 22 patients had a knee MRI scan and a left-hand radiograph within 4 weeks of each other. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability, as well as variability among observers, were evaluated. Results: A total of 200 patients with a mean age of 13.5 years (range, 9.08-17.98 years) were included in this study. Also, 22 patients with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 9.0-15.6 years) had a knee MRI scan and a left-hand radiograph within 4 weeks. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of all 4 assessment tools were acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.8; P < .001). When comparing the MRI shorthand with the MRI atlas, there was excellent agreement (ICC = 0.989), whereas the hand shorthand compared with the hand atlas had good agreement (ICC = 0.765). The MRI shorthand also had perfect agreement in 50% of readings among all 4 readers, and 95% of readings had agreement within 1 year, whereas the hand shorthand had perfect agreement in 32% of readings and 77% agreement within 1 year. Conclusion: The MRI shorthand is a simple and efficient means of assessing the skeletal maturity of adolescent patients with a knee MRI scan. This bone age assessment technique had interobserver and intraobserver reliability equivalent to or better than the standard method of utilizing a left-hand radiograph.

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Automated vision system for skeletal age assessment using knowledge based techniques

6th International Conference on Image Processing and its Applications ◽

10.1049/cp:19971008 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Mahmoodi

Keyword(s):

Vision System ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Age Assessment ◽

Knowledge Based

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Computer-assisted phalangeal analysis in skeletal age assessment

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging ◽

10.1109/42.108597 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

E. Pietka ◽

M.F. McNitt-Gray ◽

M.L. Kuo ◽

H.K. Huang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Age ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Age Assessment

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EVALUATION OF THE SKELETAL AGE METHOD OF ESTIMATING CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.13.2.165 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 165-173

Author(s):

DONALD MAINLAND

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Systematic Difference ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Quick Method ◽

Age Assessment ◽

Variable Error ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Individual

An observer's variable error in skeletal age assessment of hand RGs (i.e., the irregular ion between independent readings of the same film) was studied on 1,124 readings of 326 films from 233 children aged 16 months to 17 years. seventy-nine of the RGs were full-size reproductions in Macyr's Nutrition and Chemical Growth in Childhood; the remainder were actual films of children in Halifax, Canada (healthy Orphanage residents and children examined in a nutrition survey). There was no significant difference in variable error associated with the atlas (Todd, Greulich-Pyle), age of child, sex, differences between skeletal and chronologic age, differences between children, or differences between RGs of the same child, except for a tendency in the Macy Series for the poorest reproductions to have a larger variable error than the best reproductions. ions. In most readings the individual indicators were assessed separately and the results averaged, but a quicker method (over-all appraisal) did not produce a significantly different variable error. The quick method may be useful in large surveys, although it appears too coarse for the study of individual children. The observer's variable error was expressed by standard deviations of approximately three months (Macy Series—both atlases; Nutritirn Series—Greulich-Pyle atlas) and four months (Orphanage Series—both atlases). With a standard deviation of three months an assessor must affix an error of ± 8.3 months to his estimate of a child's progress in skeletal age, in order to obtain confidence limits with 95% probability. If his standard deviation is four months he must allow ± 11.1 months. For evaluation of the assessment method, many observers' estimates of variable error are needed, and an appeal for data is issued. After more than 1200 readings had been made the observer's practice lapsed for about a year. Reassessment of a random sample of RGs then showed, besides variable error, a mean systematic difference of approximately three months from the previous readings of the same films with the same atlas. To avoid this risk, any two films that are to be assessed for skeletal progress should be read within a few weeks of each other, and special precautions are therefore necessary to secure independence of the two readings.

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