Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion

ABSTRACT Objectives: To test the null hypotheses that the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles are identical on the Class I and Class II sides of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Retrospective three-dimensional (3D) assessments of the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles were made in patients with Class II malocclusion. Relative to a fiducial reference at the anterior cranial base, distances from the glenoid fossae and condyles were calculated in pretreatment cone beam computed tomographic scans of 82 patients: 41 with Class II and 41 with Class II subdivision malocclusions. The 3D distances from glenoid fossae to sella turcica in the X (right-left), Y (anterior-posterior), Z (inferior-superior) projections were calculated. Results: Patients with Class II malocclusion displayed a symmetric position of the glenoid fossae and condyles with no statistically significant differences between sides (P > .05), whereas patients with Class II subdivision showed asymmetry in the distance between the glenoid fossae and anterior cranial base or sella turcica (P < .05), with distally and laterally positioned glenoid fossae on the Class II side. (P < .05). Male patients had greater distances between glenoid fossae and anterior cranial fossae (P < .05). The condylar position relative to the glenoid fossae did not differ between the two malocclusion groups nor between males and females (P > .05). Conclusions: The null hypotheses were rejected. Patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion displayed asymmetrically positioned right- and left-side glenoid fossae, with a distally and laterally positioned Class II side, although the condyles were symmetrically positioned within the glenoid fossae.

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Three-dimensional assessment of condylar position and joint spaces after maxillary first premolar extraction in skeletal Class II malocclusion

Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research ◽

10.1111/ocr.12141 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. S. Alhammadi ◽

M. S. Fayed ◽

A. Labib

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Premolar Extraction ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Condylar Position ◽

Dimensional Assessment

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Correlation Analysis between Three-Dimensional Changes in Pharyngeal Airway Space and Skeletal Changes in Patients with Skeletal Class II Malocclusion following Orthognathic Surgery

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2022/3995690 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Moonhwan Kim ◽

Chung-Ju Hwang ◽

Jung-Yul Cha ◽

Sang-Hwy Lee ◽

Young Joon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Anterior Posterior

Introduction. Studies on the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) changes using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) have shed more light on patients with Class III than Class II malocclusion. This paper focuses on analyzing the long-term changes in the PAS and evaluating the postoperative association between these PAS and skeletal changes in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion who have undergone orthognathic surgery. Methods. The records of 21 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion who had undergone orthognathic surgery were included. The anatomical modifications in both jaws, changes in volume, sectional area (SA), minimum sectional area (MSA), and anterior-posterior (AP) and transverse (TV) width in the airway at one month before surgery ( T 0 ), and one month ( T 1 ) and one year ( T 2 ) after surgery were analyzed using CT images. The association between the skeletal and airway changes was evaluated between T 0 , T 1 , and T 2 . Results. After surgery, the ANS, A point, and PNS demonstrated significant posterior and superior movement. The B point and the pogonion exhibited substantial anterior and superior movement. The total and inferior oropharyngeal volumes (vol 3, vol 4) notably increased, while the nasopharyngeal volume (vol 1) decreased. The anterior-posterior movement at the ANS and PNS after surgery was significantly associated with the total volume, vol 2, vol 3, SA 1, MSA, and TV width 1, while substantial association with the total volume was found at the pogonion. Conclusion. Thus, an ideal treatment plan can be formulated for patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion by considering the postoperative PAS changes.

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Three-dimensional assessment of the effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement during canine retraction in adults with Class II malocclusion: A randomized controlled clinical trial

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.11.026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 153 (6) ◽

pp. 771-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Amal Alkebsi ◽

Emad Al-Maaitah ◽

Hisham Al-Shorman ◽

Elham Abu Alhaija

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Ii ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Dimensional Assessment

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Morphometric assessment of the sella turcica in different morphologic types of Class II malocclusion: a retrospective study

Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi ◽

10.31067/acusaglik.973532 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gökçenur GÖKÇE ◽

Mehmet Ali YAVAN

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Sella Turcica ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Morphometric Assessment

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Three-dimensional effects of twin block therapy on pharyngeal airway parameters in Class II malocclusion patients

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists ◽

10.1016/j.ejwf.2015.06.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 114-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hanem y Elfeky ◽

Mona M.S. Fayed

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Twin Block ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Dimensional Effects

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Three-dimensional Computed Tomographic Cranial Base Measurements for Improvement of Surgical Approaches to the Petrous Carotid Artery and Apex Regions

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1097/00006123-200108000-00016 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 342-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alan T. Villavicencio ◽

Jean-Christophe Leveque ◽

Ketan R. Bulsara ◽

Allan H. Friedman ◽

Linda Gray

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Internal Auditory Canal ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Petrous Apex ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Tomographic Images ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Preoperative Information

Abstract OBJECTIVE The bony and vascular anatomic features in the region of the petrous apex can vary significantly. These variations affect the operative view obtained via extended subtemporal or anterior transpetrosal approaches to cranial base lesions for individual patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional computed tomography as a means of obtaining detailed preoperative anatomic information regarding bony and vascular landmarks and spatial relationships in the region of the petrous carotid artery and petrous apex. METHODS We radiographically studied 15 patients (30 sides), using 0.8- to 1-mm-thick, reconstructed, computed tomographic images. Special attention was given to the course of the petrous carotid artery. RESULTS The petrous carotid artery was located lateral to the trigeminal impression. The size of the petrous apex medial to the horizontal petrous carotid artery was observed to be variable. The width of bone from the trigeminal impression to the wall of the internal auditory canal averaged 9.6 mm (range, 5.2–16.1 mm). A variable amount of bone overlying the internal auditory canal (4.5 mm) was also present. Multiple other relationships among key landmarks were quantified. CONCLUSION There is significant variability in the anatomic features of the petrous apex among patients. For each patient, detailed preoperative information regarding the amount of bone to be removed during a cranial base procedure can be obtained using three-dimensional computed tomography. This information may be critical for determination of the amount of extra exposure that can be achieved via an anterior petrosectomy for each patient.

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Frontal plagiocephaly secondary to synostosis of the frontosphenoidal suture

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1995.83.4.0733 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 733-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Paul C. Francel ◽

T. S. Park ◽

Jeffrey L. Marsh ◽

Bruce A. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Physical Examination ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Facial Skeleton ◽

Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽

Content Type ◽

X Ray ◽

Anterior Cranial Base ◽

Coronal Synostosis ◽

Fine Print

✓ Frontal plagiocephaly may arise from either synostotic or deformational forces. Deformational causes of frontal plagiocephaly can be distinguished from synostotic causes by differences seen on physical examination, which can then be confirmed by skull x-ray films and if necessary three-dimensional computerized tomography (CT). Unilateral coronal synostosis is the main synostotic cause of frontal plagiocephaly, although it has also been seen with fusion of the frontozygomatic suture. In several syndromes presenting with bilateral coronal synostosis, fusion of the frontosphenoidal and frontoethmoidal sutures is also present. The authors report, for perhaps the first time, a case showing synostotic frontal plagiocephaly secondary to fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture alone. Although the phenotypic appearance is superficially similar to that seen in unilateral coronal synostosis, analysis of the cranial base shows markedly different effects: angulation of the anterior cranial base with respect to the posterior cranial base away from the synostotic side and angulation of the posterior cranial base with respect to the midpalatal suture also away from the synostotic side. In unilateral coronal synostosis, both angulations are toward the synostotic side. These effects on the cranial base alter its relationship to the cranial vault and the facial skeleton. Most important, frontal plagiocephaly secondary to fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture should not be overlooked as being deformational. Because this fusion is difficult or impossible to visualize by skull x-ray films, three dimensional CT must be obtained in cases that are not clearly identified as deformational plagiocephaly by physical examination.

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Thin-plate Spline Analysis of Craniofacial Growth in Class I and Class II Subjects

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/070506-275 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 595-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lorenzo Franchi ◽

Tiziano Baccetti ◽

Franka Stahl ◽

James A. McNamara

Keyword(s):

Thin Plate ◽

Class Ii ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Thin Plate Spline ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Craniofacial Growth ◽

Developmental Phase ◽

Division 1 ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To compare the craniofacial growth characteristics of untreated subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion with those of subjects with normal (Class I) occlusion from the prepubertal through the postpubertal stages of development. Materials and Methods: The Class II division 1 sample consisted of 17 subjects (11 boys and six girls). The Class I sample also consisted of 17 subjects (13 boys and four girls). Three craniofacial regions (cranial base, maxilla, and mandible) were analyzed on the lateral cephalograms of the subjects in both groups by means of thin-plate spline analysis at T1 (prepubertal) and T2 (postpubertal). Both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were performed on both size and shape differences between the two groups. Results: The results showed an increased cranial base angulation as a morphological feature of Class II malocclusion at the prepubertal developmental phase. Maxillary changes in either shape or size were not significant. Subjects with Class II malocclusion exhibited a significant deficiency in the size of the mandible at the completion of active craniofacial growth as compared with Class I subjects. Conclusion: A significant deficiency in the size of the mandible became apparent in Class II subjects during the circumpubertal period and it was still present at the completion of active craniofacial growth.

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Evaluation of changes seen in TMJ after mandibular advancement in treatment of Class II malocclusions, with functional appliances, a CBCT study

Biomedicine ◽

10.51248/.v41i2.789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 236-242

Author(s):

Ram Mohan Parvathy ◽

Sandeep Shetty ◽

Parveen Katheesa

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Ii ◽

Mandibular Advancement ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Functional Appliance ◽

Functional Therapy ◽

Twin Block ◽

Functional Appliances ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device

Introduction and Aim: Various functional appliances are developed to remodel the glenoid fossa and, thereby change the position of the mandible and correct Class II malocclusion. Many diagnostic aids have already been used to evaluate the changes ,but Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT), three -dimensional diagnostic tool is rarely used .So this study was conducted with an aim is to evaluate the changes seen in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after mandibular advancement in class II malocclusions with functional appliance therapy, using CBCT, and also to assess and compare the efficacy of Twin Block, Power Scope and Forsus Fatigue Device used for the correction of class II malocclusion.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was performed using the 52 CBCT scans of 26 patients with class II malocclusion due to retrognathic mandible. The subjects were divided into three groups based on appliance (Twin Block, Power Scope and Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device) used for the treatment. The changes seen in TMJ after mandibular advancement and condylar response to functional therapy was evaluated using the six. Data obtained were subjected to one-way Anova analysis with Posthoc Tukey test. Software SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: In subjects treated with Twin Block, the condyle was displaced slightly downwards and anteriorly; and condylar height was reduced. The decrease in the anterior and superior joint spaces were also found. In subjects treated with PowerScope and Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device, there was an increase in condylar height and width with a decrease in anterior and superior joint space.Conclusion: All three appliances were found to bring about changes in TMJ structures, but amongst them the Twin block has proved to be more efficient.

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