scholarly journals Thin-plate Spline Analysis of Craniofacial Growth in Class I and Class II Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Tiziano Baccetti ◽  
Franka Stahl ◽  
James A. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Thin Plate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Thin Plate Spline ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To compare the craniofacial growth characteristics of untreated subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion with those of subjects with normal (Class I) occlusion from the prepubertal through the postpubertal stages of development. Materials and Methods: The Class II division 1 sample consisted of 17 subjects (11 boys and six girls). The Class I sample also consisted of 17 subjects (13 boys and four girls). Three craniofacial regions (cranial base, maxilla, and mandible) were analyzed on the lateral cephalograms of the subjects in both groups by means of thin-plate spline analysis at T1 (prepubertal) and T2 (postpubertal). Both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were performed on both size and shape differences between the two groups. Results: The results showed an increased cranial base angulation as a morphological feature of Class II malocclusion at the prepubertal developmental phase. Maxillary changes in either shape or size were not significant. Subjects with Class II malocclusion exhibited a significant deficiency in the size of the mandible at the completion of active craniofacial growth as compared with Class I subjects. Conclusion: A significant deficiency in the size of the mandible became apparent in Class II subjects during the circumpubertal period and it was still present at the completion of active craniofacial growth.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Dimensions in Class II Malocclusion

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kirjavainen ◽  
Turkka Kirjavainen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Upper Airway Structure ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To study the effects of cervical headgear treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion on upper airway structures in children. Materials and Methods: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2–11.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear as the only treatment appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent 15° upward and a large inner bow expanded 10 mm larger than the intermolar distance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. Upper airway structures were estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to cross-sectional data of 80 age-matched controls with a Class I molar relationship. Results: A Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The mean treatment time was 1.6 (0.3–3.1) years. The Class II malocclusion was accompanied by a similar or wider nasopharyngeal space than in the controls but narrower oro- and hypopharyngeal spaces. The retropalatal area was widened by the treatment (P < .05), whereas the rest of the oropharynx and hypopharynx remained narrower than in the controls. Before the treatment, the mandibular plane was in a more horizontal position than in the controls, but during the treatment, it rotated to a position similar to that of the controls. Conclusion: Class II division 1 malocclusion is associated with a narrower upper airway structure even without retrognathia. Headgear treatment is associated with an increase in the retropalatal airway space.

scholarly journals Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (s1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Irinel Panainte ◽  
Victor Suciu ◽  
Krisztina-Ildikó Mártha
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Division 2

Abstract Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Arch Widths of Bangladeshi Subject with Normal Occlusion and Class II Division 1 Malocclusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
MZ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Crowding ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Aim: To evaluate possible differences of the upper and lower dental arches width among youths with Class I,normal occlusion and Class II, division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: The evaluation was conducted on 100 pairs of dental casts of Bangladeshi youths with permanent dentition, 50 with Class I, normal occlusion (22 males and 28 females) at the mean age of 19±3 years and 50 with Class II, division 1, malocclusion (18 males and 32 females ) at the mean age of 20±4 years. The group with Class II malocclusion was divided into two categories: Class II without dental crowding and Class II with dental crowding. A comparison was made between the intercanine inter first premolar and intermolar widths of both dental arches. Results: Subjects with Class II, division, 1 malocclusion when compared with Class I normal occlusion presented (a) in the upper dental arch , smaller intermolar, interpremolar and intercanine width. (b) in the lower dental arch , smaller intermolar width. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16159 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2012; Vol-2, No.2, 18-23

Comparative Dentoskeletal Study of Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Jyoti Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Dentoskeletal Morphology ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Dental Cast ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

The dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II malocclusion subjects were evaluated using cephalometric radiograph and dental cast of 60 untreated patients. The sample included 30 Class II Division 1 and 30 Class II Division 2 malocclusion patients. The inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar, inter-canine alveolar, inter-premolar alveolar, inter-molar alveolar widths are measured on study models. The result showed statistically significant difference between the groups for mandibular inter-canine width only. The cephalometric analysis revealed that SNB angle was responsible for the skeletal sagittal difference between the two groups except for the position of maxillary incisors. No basic difference in dentoskeletal morphology existed between Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 malocclusions.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Adenoids, Upper Airway, and Tongue Using “Predictors of Difficult Airways” in Class II Division 1 and Division 2 Cases with Class I Cases: Prospective In Vivo Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422096341
Author(s):  
Smita Mangesh Choudhari ◽  
Sunita Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Difficult Airways ◽  
Mandibular Protrusion ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Introduction: Altered nasorespiratory function leads to altered craniofacial growth. Thus, airway evaluation is important for preventive, interceptive, and corrective orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare adenoids, the upper airway, the tongue, and mandibular dimensions using “predictors of difficult airways” in class II division 1 and class II division 2 cases with class I cases. Method: Sixty subjects of age 15 to 18 years were divided into 3 groups (group 1: class I cases; group 2: class II division 1 cases; and group 3: class II division 2 cases) based on cephalometric parameters, with 20 cases in each group. Cephalometric evaluation of adenoids and the nasopharyngeal airway was done using the Handelman–Osborne area method. Upper and lower airway evaluation was done using McNamara’s linear method. “Predictors of difficult airways” were used for evaluation of the airway, which included nasal competency, the Mallampati scale, mandibular length, mandibular protrusion, and the thyromental distance. Results: The present study found a significant positive correlation between the grades of nasal competency and percentage adenoid wall area, and a significant negative correlation between the grades of nasal competency and the upper airway. There was a significant positive correlation between the grades of nasal competency and mandibular length, and a significant positive correlation between the grades of mandibular protrusion and mandibular length. There was a significant positive correlation between the grades of the thyromental distance and mandibular length. Conclusion: It was concluded that the “predictors of difficult airways” would be helpful in early diagnosis and identification of potential risk factors that may cause “breathing disorders”–related malocclusions and later on increase the risk of developing OSA.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tongue posture & dimensions in relation to skeletal Class I and Class II patterns- A cephalometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Puja Khanna ◽  
Sumit Chhabra ◽  
Preeti Munjal ◽  
Sunny Mittal ◽  
Nishtha Arora
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Association of tongue posture with dental and facial skeletal pattern have been suggested in past. This study was undertaken to assess tongue posture and dimensions in Class I and Class II Dentoskeletal patterns to determine whether any correlation exists between tongue posture and skeletal pattern of an individual. Cephalograms of 150 individuals (aged 18-23 years), taken in Natural Head Position (NHP) and tongue at rest were divided into three groups i.e. Group 1 – Class I Normal occlusion, Group 2 – Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Group 3 – Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent, consisting of 50 samples each. To ensure the rest position of tongue, patient was asked to relax for 30 seconds after coating the tongue with barium sulphate in midline and then to swallow, and the X-ray was taken at the end of swallowing. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to sex. Groups were constituted according to the Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) angle. The subjects who had skeletal Class II pattern due to mandibular retrusion and not due to maxillary prognathism were only included in the study group. Statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS version 21.0. The statistical tests used were unpaired t-test and One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc bonferroni test. The p-value was considered significant if less than 0.05.The dorsum of the tongue was higher at back and lower in front in Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent group as compared to Class I Normal occlusion group (P<.05). Tongue height and tongue length were significantly reduced in Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent malocclusion groups when compared to Class I control group (P<.05).The study supports the existence of a relationship between posture & dimensions of the tongue with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns.

scholarly journals Class II Division 1 malocclusion treatment using TADs: Case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Tina Pajevic ◽  
Jovana Juloski ◽  
Marija Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Temporary Anchorage Devices ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Incisor Retraction ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of Class II Division 1 (II/1) malocclusions in adults can be challenging since skeletal effects are limited. Possible treatment options are orthodontic camouflage or orthognatic surgery, in severe cases. The aim of this paper was to present a successful management of Class II malocclusion in an adult patient using temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Case report. After detailed clinical examination, study models and cephalometric analysis, a 26 years old patient was diagnosed with Class II malocclusion, an overjet of 12 mm, congenitally missing tooth 41 and midline shifted to the right in upper dental arch. In prior orthodontic treatment, patient had upper premolars extracted. Posterior teeth in upper left quadrant were shifted mesially. The camouflage treatment was considered, using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to distalize posterior teeth on the left side, and gain space for incisor retraction and midline correction in upper dental arch. Results. Using TADs as additional anchorage in anterior region and coil spring for molar distalization, the space was made for tooth 23, midline correction and incisor retraction. After 40 months, a satisfactory result was achieved, overjet and midline correction, class I canines occlusion and class II molar occlusion. Conclusion. Class II/1 malocclusion in adults can be successfully treated using TADs. The success depends on the severity of malocclusion and patient cooperation.

scholarly journals Comparison of arch width, alveolar width and buccolingual inclination of teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Shu ◽  
Xianglong Han ◽  
Yating Wang ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Dongqing Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Mandibular Posterior Teeth ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the arch width, alveolar width, and buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion. Materials and Methods: Forty-five subjects with Class I occlusion and 45 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected to measure the maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width of premolars and first molars with digital caliper. Buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular premolars and first molars were measured with a modified universal bevel protractor. Results: All of the posterior teeth in both groups were lingually tilted. The maxillary premolars and first molars were significantly more lingually tilted (P < .05) in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. Mandibular first premolars were significantly less lingually tilted in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. No significant difference of buccolingual inclination was found in mandibular second premolars and first molars between the two groups. No significant difference in maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width was found between the two groups. Conclusions: Buccolingual inclination rather than arch width and alveolar width plays an important role in transverse discrepancy of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Rotation of the First Molars and the Severity of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Betânia Pessoa Lima ◽  
Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ◽  
Laércio Santos Dias ◽  
Fausto Silva Bramante ◽  
Rudys Rodolfo De Jesus Tavarez
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Complete Class ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

This study aimed to evaluate the potential correlation between the severity of Class II division 1 malocclusion and the magnitude of mesiopalatal rotation of the maxillary first molars. Scanned images of 104 cast models were grouped according to the severity of Class II malocclusion as follows: Group 1, 1/4 Class II malocclusion; Group 2, 1/2 Class II malocclusion; Group 3, 3/4 Class II malocclusion; and Group 4, complete Class II malocclusion. The rotation was measured using parameters described by Henry, Friel, and Ricketts, referred to as indicators 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The correlation was evaluated using the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The rotational indicators were compared using one-way analysis of variance. For all statistical analyses usedp<0.05, a positive correlation was observed between the severity of Class II malocclusion and the mesiopalatal rotation of the maxillary first molar. This correlation was statistically significant for indicator 1 between Groups 1 and 3 and for indicator 2 between Groups 1 and 4, which include cases of extreme malocclusion. In conclusion, there is a positive correlation between the severity of Class II division 1 malocclusion and the magnitude of mesiopalatal rotation in the maxillary first molars.

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