Mini-Implant-Assisted Simultaneous Torquing Extrusion Retraction Spring for Ectopic Canines

Orthodontic management of ectopic canines is quite challenging and time consuming due to the presence of thin buccal cortical bone. Sectional mechanics provide distal and extrusive force on canine but without any torque control. So, palatal root torquing during canine retraction is needed to increase the buccal cortical bone thickness and to avoid bone dehiscence and gingival recession. This article describes an innovative spring which provides 3-dimensional control by simultaneous retraction, extrusion, and torquing of ectopic canine.

Vibratory stimulation in non-growing patients and its effect on the orthodontic tooth movement

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Objectives of the study were to determine the impact of vibratory stimulation in non-growing patients on the orthodontic tooth movement rate and to differentiate the orthodontic tooth movement rate in both experimental and control sides.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 30 non-growing patients were selected for a split-mouth study with fixed appliance therapy orthodontic treatment undergoing bilateral first premolar extractions in maxillary arch. Type 1 active tiebacks were used to perform single canine retraction in all the patients. Vibratory stimulation was provided for 15 minutes daily with the help of Oral-B battery powered toothbrushes of 125 Hz frequency. Measurement was taken with calibrated digital vernier caliper clinically and OPG were taken at regular time intervals using grid method for the tooth movement calculation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> P value obtained by statistical calculation shows non-significant results in both experimental and control sides in non-growing patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cyclic loading in non-growing patients with fixed orthodontic appliance shows no change in orthodontic tooth movement in experimental and control group.</p>

Various methods of canine retraction in premolar extraction space: A case series

Following article is the review and presentation of various methodologies of canine retraction [e.g.– methods under sliding and friction less mechanics, facilitation with TADs (Temporary Anchorage Devices) and MOPs (Micro-Osteo-Perforations), and invasive procedures etc.] and comparison of these methods in terms of rate of canine retraction, and molar anchorage loss. Patient’s age ranges between 15y to 19y and only right maxillary canine was taken for comparison purpose.

Are Mechanical Vibrations an Effective Alternative to Accelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Humans? A Systematic Review

The objective of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to contrast the existing evidence on the effect of mechanical vibrations, either high or low frequency, as an alternative to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in humans. A literature search from 2010 to June 2021 was conducted in the electronic databases: PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Ovid, using the eligibility criteria to identify the studies. Only randomized clinical trials (RCT) were included. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool and the risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane bias risk tool. Fifteen RTCs were included for final review. Overall, the RoB was classified as low (3), moderate (5), and high (7). Three articles with low RoB, four with moderate RoB, and four with high RoB found no significant effect in the use of vibrations on orthodontic movement. Only four articles, three of them with high RoB and one with moderate RoB, found that mechanical vibrations are effective at accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. The results seemed to indicate that there is no evidence that vibratory stimuli can increase the rate of dental movement or reduce neither the time of dental alignment nor canine retraction during orthodontic treatment. It is important to note that a greater number of high-quality randomized controlled trials are urgently needed.

Space Closure Rate in Mandibular Canine Retraction by Elastomeric Power Chain: A Clinical Trial

Background : On a daily basis, orthodontic patients present with malocclusions and orofacial imbalance. Often times, teeth must be extracted in order to obtain proper esthetics, occlusion, and stability as well as extraction of teeth is often a need to close residual space, after the initial decrowding and aligning. Pre adjusted fixed orthodontic appliances commonly utilize sliding mechanics for space closure with different types of force delivery systems. A variety of materials have been used as force delivery systems to close spaces between teeth as in the case of canine retraction after the extraction of premolars. Elastomeric auxiliaries are relatively consistent in producing tooth movements. The purpose of the study to evaluate the rate of mandibular canine retraction by elastomeric power chain. Materials and methods : This obervational study was designed as split mouth study. A total number of 20 patients (40 quadrants),who required canine retraction into first premolar extraction sites as part of their orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics, BSMMU as study population. The quadrants were affixed by elastomeric power chain (Dentaurum) with 200gm force measured by Correx Tension Gauge. Space closure was measured by means of direct measurement from the mesial surface of mesial wing of the 2nd premolar bracket and the distal surface of distal wing of the canine bracket with digital Vernier Calipers. Results: Mean space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction was 0.99 ± 0.08 mm/month in elastomeric power chain method with p value<0.001. Conclusion : This study revealed that space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction was 0.99 ± 0.08 mm/month by elastomeric power chain. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 28-31

Space Closure Rate in Mandibular Canine Retraction by Ni-Ti Closed Coil Spring: A Clinical Trial

Introduction: In Majority of patients seeking orthodontic treatment, teeth must be extracted in order to obtain proper esthetics, occlusion, and stability as well as extraction of teeth is often a need to close residual space, after the initial decrowding and aligning. Pre adjusted fixed orthodontic appliances commonly utilize sliding mechanics for space closure with different types of force delivery systems. A variety of materials have been used as force delivery systems to close spaces between teeth as in the case of canine retraction after the extraction of premolars. Among all sliding or frictionless methods of canine retraction, super-elastic nickel titanium coil spring has a particular property in producing light continuous force at a long range of action, compared with previously available materials. Nickel-titanium closed coil spring, with a continuous action, might have some advantages in fixed appliance space closure mechanics. Materials and Methods: Over the period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016, this clinical trial was carried out and A total number of 20 patients (40 quadrants), who required canine retraction into first premolar extraction sites as part of their orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics of BSMMU selected as study population. The quadrants were affixed by nickel titanium closed coil springs (medium force, Ni-Ti extension spring, Ormco) with 200gm force measured by Correx Tension Gauge. Space closure was measured by means of direct measurement from the mesial surface of mesial wing of the 2nd premolar bracket and the distal surface of distal wing of the canine bracket with digital Vernier Calipers. Results: Mean space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction was 1.07 ± 0.12 mm/month by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring method with p value<0.001. Conclusion: This study revealed that space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring is 1.07 ± 0.12 mm/month. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 90-93

Comparative evaluation of interrupted and intermittent forces on canine retraction: an in vivo study

Introduction: Various force systems are used in orthodontics to move teeth, such as continuous, intermittent and interrupted. Teeth responds differently to these orthodontic forces. Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the rate of canine retraction with intermittent and interrupted forces. Materials and Methods: A split mouth study was carried among eighteen participants. One side of maxillary arch randomly received interrupted force with elastomeric powerchain while other received intermittent force with elastics with magnitude of 150-170g for canine retraction on each side. For 15 weeks, participants were asked to wear the elastics 8 hours a day whereas the elastomeric powerchains were replaced by operator every 5 weeks. The outcomes were assessed using scanned images of study models collected at the beginning (T0) and 15 weeks later (T3) as well on OPG. Linear and angular measurements were used to measure the distal movement, rotation as well tipping of canines and the results were statistically analysed using Independent t-test. Results: The distal movement of canine on the interrupted force side was 0.98mm/5weeks and on the intermittent force side was 1.06mm/5weeks. The distopalatal rotation on interrupted and intermittent force side was 8.38&deg; and 5.72&deg;. Tipping measured on OPG was 5.72&deg; and 5.27&deg; for interrupted and intermittent force. No statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: The rate of canine retraction with interrupted force and intermittent force showed no statistically significant differences. Less canine rotation and tipping with intermittent force compared to interrupted force though not statistically significant.

Effect of micro osteo-perforations (MOP) on the rate of tooth movement and levels of interleukin-1β - a split mouth study

Introduction. Various procedures are available today to enhance tooth movement, with relative success rates, one among them being Micro Osteo Perforation (MOP). Our aim is to assess the rate of tooth movement and interleukin 1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid levels (GCF)after MOPs. Methodology. A group of 22 patients were selected, who required first premolars extraction and were designated for the split mouth study with equal allocation. MOP was performed on the right side, three vertical MOPs were given using 1.2 X 8 mm mini implants with the gap of 2 mm between them and surgical depth of the implant insertion was 5 mm. The left side was used as control. The individual canine retraction was initiated with placement of 150 grams on 19*25 SS wire. The case was evaluated at different timelines for canine retraction and Interleukin 1β levels. Results. There was a significant difference in the rate of canine movement at 45 days (1.42 mm) and end of canine retraction on experimental side(2.61 mm). The GCF levels were raised at T1 and T2 intervals on the side of MOP and were statically significant (p=0.00). Conclusion. MOP is a minimally invasive procedure which accelerates the tooth movement by 20%. The increase in IL 1βlevels indicates a higher rate of chemical interaction on the surgically assisted side. For enhanced efficiency MOPs should be repeated every 6-8 weeks.