scholarly journals Effects of sodium polyphosphate on the inhibition of calculus formation in vitro and animal test.

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-867
Author(s):  
Mikio MIYAKE ◽  
Masuhiro YOGO ◽  
Nobuo SUGANUMA ◽  
Fumio OHSATO ◽  
Akinori TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Polyphosphate ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Calculus Formation

In Vitro Studies of the Calculus-Inhibiting Properties of Tooth Surface Polishing Agents and Chelating Agents

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Barnes ◽  
George K. Stookey ◽  
Joseph C. Muhler
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
Zirconium Silicate ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Bovine Enamel

A series of in vitro studies was conducted to determine the effects of flour of pumice, magnesium silicate-zirconium silicate, and zirconium silicate on the deposition of calculuslike material on bovine enamel sections or human dentin-cementum sections. Flour of pumice used as a "prophylaxis type" agent did not have any effect on the deposition of calculuslike material. Zirconium silicate used as a prophylactic agent on bovine enamel reduced in vitro calculus formation by 32.0 to 38.0%. Daily rinses with a 5.0% aqueous solution of an amidopolyphosphate reduced calculus formation significantly on bovine enamel by 57.0 to 68.2% when compared with nontreated enamel sections.

Ocular Safety: A Silent (In Vitro) Success Story

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger D. Curren ◽  
John W. Harbell
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Dose Levels

Ocular irritation testing has been one of the animal test methods most criticised by animal welfare advocates. Additional criticism has arisen from within the scientific community, based on the variability of the animal test results and the questionable relevance of the extremely high dose levels employed. As a result, the Draize eye irritation test has been one of the main targets for in vitro replacement. Despite extensive efforts, however, there is still no in vitro method that is fully validated as a regulatory replacement. In spite of this, many individual companies are using diverse in vitro ocular irritation tests to gain important safety and efficacy information about their products and raw materials, eliminating the need for animal testing in the process. This is done in a safe fashion by applying intelligent testing paradigms. ECVAM has played a major role in this success, through its many programmes that have emphasised the importance of understanding the true toxicological need, and then using in vitro tests to provide that information. Thus, even in the absence of a successfully validated regulatory assay, the desired result of reducing animal testing is being met.

Disrupting the animal test with in vitro innovations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiën van Berlo ◽  
Rosalinde Masereeuw
Keyword(s):  
Animal Test

In Vitro Calculus Formation

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frithjof Von der Fehr ◽  
Finn Brudevold
Keyword(s):  
Calculus Formation

Relationship Between Plaque Mineralization In Vitro and Calculus Formation In Vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph G. Eilberg ◽  
Kenneth Judy ◽  
Eugene Iovino ◽  
Paul Kornfeld ◽  
Joan Phelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculus Formation

Study of infective (secondary) renal calculus formation in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Frang ◽  
F. Götz ◽  
Z. Nagy ◽  
L. Gimes ◽  
B. Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Calculus Formation

scholarly journals Chitosan-Alginate Sponge: Preparation and Application in Curcumin Delivery for Dermal Wound Healing in Rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Dai ◽  
XiuLing Zheng ◽  
Xu Xu ◽  
XiangYe Kong ◽  
XingYi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Sd Rat ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Dermal Wound

A biodegradable sponge, composed of chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA), was successfully obtained in this work. The sponge was ethereal and pliable. The chemical structure and morphology of the sponges was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The swelling ability, in vitro drug release and degradation behaviors, and an in vivo animal test were employed to confirm the applicability of this sponge as a wound dressing material. As the chitosan content in the sponge decreased, the swelling ability decreased. All types of the sponges exhibited biodegradable properties. The release of curcumin from the sponges could be controlled by the crosslinking degree. Curcumin could be released from the sponges in an extended period for up to 20 days. An in vivo animal test using SD rat showed that sponge had better effect than cotton gauze, and adding curcumin into the sponge enhanced the therapeutic healing effect.

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