Uji Toksisitas Subkronik 28 Hari Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanolik Benalu Teh dan Benalu Mangga terhadap Profil Protein pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Betina

There are 3 indicators for indicating a protein breakdown in the blood through a total protein, albumin, and globulin stability. A compound capable of acting as antioxidants is needed to stabilize the protein's condition. This research is aimed at identifying the toxic effects of extract’s combination from tea parasite and mango parasite on the conditions of blood’s protein by giving EMBTBM constantly for 28 days. The data analysis used ANOVA one-way by SPSS version 17.0. As for the animal test used was a female Wistar rat of 20 with four treatments are control, treatment 1 with a dose of 250mg/Kg body weight (BW). Treatment 2 with a dose of 500mg/Kg body weight (BW) and treatment 3 with a dose of 1000mg/Kg body weight (BW). The result of this research shows that there is no difference between treatment and control over the results of a total protein and albumin. But, at the result of globulin, there is a difference between treatment and control. Therefore, EMBTBM is safe for profile protein and does not cause toxicity because protein is stable and not over-reducing. Keywords:Subchronic,Total Proteins, Albumine, Globuline, Toxicity

General Considerations for On-Animal Ectoparasiticidal Product Evaluations

Successfully preparing for and conducting on-animal ectoparasiticidal evaluations is key in providing accurate results and inferences on product performance. However, the procedures associated with designing sound-reliable research projects while using animal test subjects can become complex. The current manuscript offers insights towards the characterization of different evaluation types highlighting key considerations and potential problematic barriers that may otherwise be overlooked by researchers new to the area of on-animal product evaluation. Furthermore, recommendations on reporting inferences from findings based on various study designs are discussed. The authors of the current manuscript offer these considerations in the hopes of maintaining harmony in future reports used to develop and evaluate on-animal ectoparsiticidal products in the field of veterinary entomology.

Skin irritation potential of graphene-based materials using a non-animal test

Graphene related materials, if prepared with non-irritant exfoliation agents, do not induce skin irritation on a 3D model of human epidermis, following the OECD guideline 439.

Finite element analysis and animal test verification of nitinol alloy iliac vein stent performance

The design and fatigue strength of a nitinol iliac vein stent (NIVS) proposed in this study are assessed using the finite element analysis method. The influence of stent diameter and different release scales on its strength, lifespan and biomechanical properties of the vein wall is analyzed for self-developed NIVS of three different diameters (12, 14 and 16mm) and length of 26mm, which were implanted into the corresponding iliac vein with different release scales (80% and 90%). The results obtained strongly indicate that with an increase in the release scale, the equivalent elastic strain, safety factors of fatigue strength, and equivalent stress of the vessel wall exhibit a downward trend, while the most stressed cross-section coincides with the arc of stent-connecting rods. The efficiency and safety of the above stents were verified by in vivo tests (with observation periods of 30, 90 and 180 days after operation) on ten lab pigs, which underwent NIVS implantation into the iliac veins, with observation of hemodynamics, stent deployment, presence/absence of thrombosis, and monitoring of stent lumen loss and its rate. During the animal test verification, the stent release was satisfactory, while the radiography revealed no obvious stent displacement at different time points. In addition, the patency rate of the stent was 100%. Except for the control group, where a small amount of old thrombus was found, other stents exhibited no thrombus; at the same time, there was no significant difference in the lumen loss rate of the stent at each time point. Therefore, the proposed nitinol NIVS samples demonstrated a good performance, accurate positioning, and release, in addition to the reduced risk of lateral iliac vein thrombosis.