Comparison of a Vegetable-Based Dental Chew to 2 Other Chews for Oral Health Prevention

Giving dental chews to dogs is part of the passive homecare that helps prevent the formation of plaque and tartar. The objectives of these studies were to assess the effectiveness of a vegetable-based dental chew (VF) to maintain oral health, and to compare it to 2 different reference chews (RC) with a proven effectiveness. The first study was conducted on 45 small dogs (<10 kg) and the second on 60 larger dogs (15-30 kg) who were randomly assigned to 3 different groups. During 30 days, one group received no chew (control) while the second and third group received either one RC (RC1 or RC2) or one VF per day. All dogs had their teeth scaled on Day 0. On Day 30, scores were given for plaque and calculus. Gingival parameters were also assessed. Statistical analysis (analysis of variance and Tukey tests ± Bonferroni's adjustment) were performed to compare groups with α set at .05 for significance. The 3 types of chews were found to be efficacious to reduce plaque and calculus formation and the gingival bleeding compared to control ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between RCs and VF in both trials except for the gingival bleeding parameters which showed a greater improvement with VF. Therefore, daily administration of the VF is effective to reduce plaque and calculus formation and gingival bleeding and has a better efficacy on gingival bleeding than the other reference products tested. It can therefore be used with confidence at home for preventative dental care.

A case report of forgotten double J stent with giant calculus formation from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Double j stent is commonly used in urological procedures. Its main purpose is to afford the sufficient drainage from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. Following increased usage of double-J stent, several consequences associated to it have been reported. In this work, we report on a case of “forgotten” double j stent for 1 year in a 32-year-old male patient who visited emergency department with bilateral flank pain, fever, and vomiting for a duration of 3 days. A double-J stent was detected in the plain abdominal X-ray. It was also observed that a 20 × 15 mm stone has impacted the left renal pelvis. Therefore, two operations were performed successfully until the full recovery of the patient. Hence; the main aim of this paper is to increase awareness about the potential complications of “forgotten” double J Stent.

A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Lippia sidoides on Dental Plaque and Periodontal Diseases

Lippia sidoides is a typical shrub from Brazil that has been used in traditional medicine. This is a systematic review on the effect of L. sidoides for controlling dental plaque, gingivitis, and periodontitis. A database search through May 2021 in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, BVS, and Web of Science identified 711 reports of which 17 met our inclusion criteria. Five randomized controlled trials and three animal studies were included that compared L. sidoides-based products (toothpaste, mouthrinse, and gel) to cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and placebo products. Among the human studies, a significant antiplaque effect after treatment with L. sidoides-based products was observed in three studies and an antigingivitis effect in two studies, similar to chlorhexidine-based products. One study found superior dental plaque reduction compared to cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse. Only one study testing a L. sidoides gel found no antiplaque effect. Among the animal studies, an L. sidoides mouthrinse significantly reduced calculus in two studies, inflammatory infiltrate in one study, and plaque bacteria and gingivitis in one study. An L. sidoides gel significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in one study in which mice were submitted to ligature-induced periodontal disease. In general, L. sidoides-based products were effective in reducing dental plaque and calculus formation, as well as clinical signs of gingivitis. As most studies present methodological limitations, these results should be interpreted carefully. Further clinical trials with greater methodological accuracy and control of biases are necessary for the use of L. sidoides-based products in humans to be viable in clinical practice.

Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) in Oral Health: Literature Review

Mouthwashes are an effective complementary method in the biofilm prevention and chemical control, when the practice of mechanical removal is insufficient. Among the active compounds most used in antiseptics are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and essential oils. In order to reduce undesirable effects, such as teeth and restorations staining and the supragingival calculus formation, observed mainly after use for long periods, natural products of plant origin have been extensively studied and incorporated into oral hygiene formulations. Commonly used as a functional food or spice in world gastronomy, Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), popularly known as coriander, is a natural therapeutic resource with several properties, including antifungal and antioxidant ones. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out a literature review of articles published in the last 10 years that relate natural products, dentistry and C. sativum, in order to understand the role of naturally occurring agents with potential therapeutic applications in the dental fields, as well as to evaluate the application of C. sativum in the treatment of oral diseases. Therefore, a bibliographic search was carried out in the ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, obtaining 20 articles. It was possible to confirm the antifungal properties and the mode of action of the essential oil from C. sativum in Candida species, as well as its relatively low cytotoxicity in human cells. These findings should encourage further studies for the development of mouthwashes based on C. sativum as an alternative to mouthwashes available on the market.Keywords: Dentistry. Biological Products. Coriandrum. Oral Health.ResumoOs enxaguatórios bucais constituem um método complementar eficaz na prevenção e controle químico do biofilme, quando a prática de remoção mecânica se mostra insuficiente. Dentre os compostos ativos mais utilizados em antissépticos estão a Clorexidina, o cloreto de cetilpiridíneo, o triclosan e os óleos essenciais. Buscando a diminuição de efeitos indesejáveis, como manchamento de dentes e restaurações e a formação de cálculo supragengival, observados principalmente após a utilização por longos períodos, produtos naturais de origem vegetal têm sido amplamente estudados e incorporados nas formulações para higiene bucal. Comumente utilizado como alimento funcional ou especiaria na gastronomia mundial, o Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), popularmente conhecido por coentro, apresenta-se como um recurso terapêutico natural com diversas propriedades, incluindo antifúngica e antioxidante. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura de artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos que relacionam produtos naturais, a odontologia e o C. sativum, a fim de compreender o papel de agentes de ocorrência natural em aplicações terapêuticas potenciais na área odontológica, bem como avaliar a aplicação do C. sativum no tratamento de doenças bucais. Para isso foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados ScienceDirect e PubMed, obtendo-se 20 artigos. Foi possível confirmar as propriedades antifúngicas e o modo de ação do óleo essencial de C. sativum em espécies de Candida, bem como sua citotoxicidade relativamente baixa em células humanas. Esses achados devem incentivar novos estudos para o desenvolvimento de enxaguatórios bucais baseados em C. sativum como alternativa aos enxaguatórios bucais disponíveis no mercado.Palavras-chave: Odontologia. Produtos Biológicos. Coriandrum. Saúde Bucal.

Orthodontic-Periodontics: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Periodontal pathogenesis is a multi-factorial process and the orthodontist must recognize the clinical forms of inflammatory periodontal disease. Orthodontics is the most conservative and predictable treatment to improve numerous local etiological factors that contribute to periodontal disease including periodontal breakdown. Proper occlusal function and masticatory function are stimulatory to the gingival tissue and the attachment apparatus, while, conversely, a lack of function predisposes to disease that increases plaque retention and calculus formation along with gingival inflammation leading to increased loss of bony support. No matter how talented the orthodontist, a magnificent orthodontic correction can be destroyed by failure to recognize periodontal susceptibility. Therefore, identifying periodontally susceptible patients is critical for the outcome of the treatment. This chapter will highlight the importance of the short-term and long-term outcomes of orthodontic treatment, which are influenced by the patient’s periodontal status before, during and after active orthodontic therapy.

Role of Osteoprotegerin as Novel Marker in Urinary Stone Formers: A Pilot Study

Background: Urinary tract calculus formation can be prevented by identifying molecules and metabolic disturbances that affect this process. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine of the TNF receptor superfamily, has been demonstrated to mediate vascular calcification and intimal calcification. Endothelial injury and oxidative stress are known to play a role in urolithiasis in the form of Rendall’s plaques. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare 24-h urinary and serum OPG levels of patients with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 24-h urinary levels of OPG (pg/mL), serum levels of OPG (pg/mL), and creatinine (mg/dL) were measured in both groups. Urinary and serum levels of OPG were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using human OPG kits. Results: Mean serum creatinine was 0.86 ± 0.21 mg/dL in the case group and 0.77± 0.16 mg/dL in controls. The difference in the mean serum OPG levels between the cases (227.13 ± 98.02 pg/mL) and controls (47.28 ± 29.61 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value < 0.0001). The difference in the mean 24-h urinary OPG levels between the cases (156.12 ± 174.31 pg/mL) and controls (9.32 ± 23.72 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: There were significantly higher levels of OPG in serum and 24-h urine samples of cases than in controls. Hence, it requires further large studies to make OPG a diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Influence of Salivary PH and Urea Level on Calculus Formation – A Clinico – Biochemical Study

BACKGROUND: Studies have documented the importance of alkaline pH for deposition of calcium phosphate, thereby aiding plaque mineralization. The ureolytic pH response promotes calculus formation by increasing the saturation level of calcium phosphate in plaque fluid. Therefore, AIM - A study was conducted to assess the effect of salivary pH and urea level in mild moderate and heavy calculus formers. METHODS: Group A- Mild calculus formers Group B- Moderate calculus formers Group C- Heavy calculus formers 10 subjects were assigned to each group. Salivary pH was recorded by using pH indicator strips as soon as saliva was collected in a sterile container. Thereafter, biochemical estimation of salivary urea was performed. RESULT-: There was no statistically significant difference in pH levels between Group A and Group B (p=0.97) but significant difference between Group A and Group C (p= 0.01).There was a highly significant difference between Group A and Group C in urea levels .(p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Salivary urea has a major influence on calculus formation, and though evidence suggests that pH has a role in calculus formation, the present study did not show any significant relation between pH and calculus formation.

Understanding the science behind dental homecare products.

This chapter describes the efficacy of dental homecare products that serve as mechanical removal of plaque and calculus, chemical control of calculus formation, antimicrobial agents and barriers against plaque attachment in cats and dogs.