Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of Autonomic Drugs

Abstract Autonomic drugs are used clinically to either imitate or inhibit the normal functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. A large number of additional drug classes also interact with these systems to produce a stunning number of possible side effects. This article reviews the basic function of the autonomic nervous system and the various drug classes that act within these neural synapses.

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Cardiovascular side-effects of antipsychotic drugs: The role of the autonomic nervous system

Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.04.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Joanne Y.T. Leung ◽

Alasdair M. Barr ◽

Ric M. Procyshyn ◽

William G. Honer ◽

Catherine C.Y. Pang

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Side Effects ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Cardiovascular Side Effects

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The Autonomic Nervous System Differentiates between Levels of Motor Intent and End Effector

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm10030076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Jihye Ryu ◽

Elizabeth Torres

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Motor Control ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Cognitive Science ◽

Embodied Cognition ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

The Body ◽

End Effector ◽

Nervous Systems ◽

Autonomic Nervous

While attempting to bridge motor control and cognitive science, the nascent field of embodied cognition has primarily addressed intended, goal-oriented actions. Less explored, however, have been unintended motions. Such movements tend to occur largely beneath awareness, while contributing to the spontaneous control of redundant degrees of freedom across the body in motion. We posit that the consequences of such unintended actions implicitly contribute to our autonomous sense of action ownership and agency. We question whether biorhythmic activities from these motions are separable from those which intentionally occur. Here we find that fluctuations in the biorhythmic activities of the nervous systems can unambiguously differentiate across levels of intent. More important yet, this differentiation is remarkable when we examine the fluctuations in biorhythmic activity from the autonomic nervous systems. We find that when the action is intended, the heart signal leads the body kinematics signals; but when the action segment spontaneously occurs without instructions, the heart signal lags the bodily kinematics signals. We conclude that the autonomic nervous system can differentiate levels of intent. Our results are discussed while considering their potential translational value.

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The Autonomic Nervous System Differentiates Between Levels of Motor Intent and Hand Dominance

10.1101/2020.06.01.128140 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jihye Ryu ◽

Elizabeth Torres

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Motor Control ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Cognitive Science ◽

Embodied Cognition ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

The Body ◽

Hand Dominance ◽

Nervous Systems ◽

Autonomic Nervous

AbstractWhile attempting to bridge motor control and cognitive science, the nascent field of embodied cognition has primarily addressed intended, goal-oriented actions. Less explored however, have been unintended motions. Such movements tend to occur largely beneath awareness, while contributing to the spontaneous control of redundant degrees of freedom across the body in motion. We posit that the consequences of such unintended actions implicitly contribute to our autonomous sense of action ownership and agency. We question whether biorhythmic activities from these motions are separable from those which intentionally occur. Here we find that fluctuations in the biorhythmic activities of the nervous systems can unambiguously differentiate across levels of intent. More important yet, this differentiation is remarkable when we examine the fluctuations in biorhythmic activity from the autonomic nervous systems. We find that when the action is intended, the heart signal leads the body kinematics signals; but when the action segment spontaneously occurs without instructions, the heart signal lags the bodily kinematics signals. We posit that such differentiation within the nervous system, may be necessary to acquire the sense of action ownership, which in turn, contributes to the sense of agency. We discuss our results while considering their potential translational value.

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The Autonomic Nervous System

Oxford Textbook of Neuroscience and Anaesthesiology ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746645.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 47-60

Author(s):

David B. Glick ◽

Gerald Glick ◽

Erica J. Stein

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Nervous Systems ◽

Acetylcholine Synthesis ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Secondary Messenger ◽

System P ◽

Neural Anatomy

This chapter on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) covers the neural anatomy of the sympathetic (SNS), parasympathetic (PNS), and enteric (ENS) nervous systems. The activation and inactivation as well as the interaction between the SNS and PNS are examined with specific attention to the receptor and secondary messenger systems associated with the SNS and PNS. It also describes in detail the upregulation and downregulation of the SNS and PNS. It examines both adrenergic (synthesis, storage, and release of norepinephrine) and cholinergic pharmacology (acetylcholine synthesis, storage and release, and inactivation) and also discusses the genetic contributors to autonomic function and dysfunction.

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