Chance, Nécessité, et Naïveté

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Powell ◽  
Kurt Sandholtz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
New Form ◽  
University Science

This chapter analyzes the early years of the first generation of biotechnology companies. The setting is the 1970s, a time when landmark scientific discoveries in molecular biology triggered all manner of perturbations in university science, pharmaceutical research, and venture finance. The result was the creation of a new form—a science-based commercial entity, which emerged from overlapping networks of science, finance, and commerce. This novel collection of organizational practices that coalesced into a dedicated biotech firm (DBF) proved highly disruptive. Using historical analysis of archival materials, supplemented by interviews with DBF founders, this chapter pieces together the “lash-up” process that melded elements from three separate realms—academic science, venture finance, and commercial health care—into an interactively stable pattern.

Which are the Best Information Sources for Identifying Emerging Health Care Technologies?: An International Delphi Survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Robert ◽  
John Gabbay ◽  
Andrew Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Health Care Technologies

AbstractThe purpose of this survey was to assess potential information sources for identifying new health care technologies. A three-round Delphi study was conducted, involving 38 selected experts who suggested and assessed potential sources by applying agreed criteria. Twenty-six potential information sources were considered. Timeliness, time efficiency, and sensitivity were important criteria in determining which were the most important sources. The eight recommended sources were: pharmaceutical journals, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, specialist medical journals, key medical journals, medical engineering companies, private health care providers, newsletters and bulletins from other health technology assessment agencies, and groups of expert health professionals. There is a need to use a combination of sources because the most useful sources will vary according to the type of technology under consideration.

Community midwifery: a primary health care approach to care during pregnancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ailsa Munns
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Liaison Officer ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Comprehensive Primary Health Care ◽  
Torres Strait

Comprehensive primary health care is integral to meaningful client-centred care, with nurses and midwives central to partnership approaches with individuals, families and communities. A primary health model of antenatal care is needed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in rural and remote areas, where complex social determinants of health impact on pregnancy outcomes, early years and lifelong health. Staff experiences from a community midwifery-led antenatal program in a remote Western Australian setting were explored, with the aim of investigating program impacts from health service providers’ perspectives. Interviews with 19 providers, including community midwives, child health nurses, program managers, a liaison officer, doctors and community agency staff, examined elements comprising a culturally safe community antenatal program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, exploring program benefits and challenges. Thematic analysis derived five themes: Organisational and Accessibility Factors; Culturally Appropriate Support; Staff Availability and Competencies; Collaboration; and Sustainability. The ability of program staff to work in culturally safe partnerships with clients in collaboration with community agencies was essential to building meaningful and sustainable antenatal strategies. Midwifery primary health care competencies were viewed as a strong enabling factor, with potential to reduce health disparities in accordance with Australian Government and research recommendations.

scholarly journals Investigating the long-term evolution of galaxies: Noise, cuspy halos and bars

2003 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Martin D. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Halo Structure ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pattern Speed ◽  
Low Torque

I review the arguments for the importance of halo structure in driving galaxy evolution and coupling a galaxy to its environment. We begin with a general discussion of the key dynamics and examples of structure dominated by modes. We find that simulations with large numbers of particles (N ≳ 106) are required to resolve the dynamics. Finally, I will describe some new results which demonstrates that a disk bar can produce cores in a cuspy CDM dark-matter profile within a gigayear. An inner Lindblad-like resonance couples the rotating bar to halo orbits at all radii through the cusp, rapidly flattening it. This resonance disappears for profiles with cores and is responsible for a qualitative difference in bar-driven halo evolution with and without a cusp. Although the bar gives up the angular momentum in its pattern to make the core, the formation epoch is rich in accretion events to recreate or trigger a classic stellar bar. The evolution of the cuspy inner halo by the first-generation bar paves the way for a long-lived subsequent bar with low torque and a stable pattern speed.

scholarly journals Bridging Academia and Industry: How Geographic Hubs Connect University Science and Corporate Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 3425-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Bikard ◽  
Matt Marx
Keyword(s):  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
Localized Knowledge ◽  
University Science

Innovative firms rely increasingly on academic science, yet they exploit only a small fraction of all academic discoveries. Which discoveries in academia do firms build upon? We posit that hubs play the role of bridges between academic science and corporate technology. Tracking citations from patents to approximately 10 million academic articles, we find that hubs facilitate the flow of academic science into corporate inventions in two ways. First, hub-based discoveries in academia are of higher quality and are more applied. Second, firms—in particular young, innovative, science-oriented ones—pay disproportionate attention to hub-based discoveries. We address concerns regarding unobserved heterogeneity by confirming the role of firms’ attention to hub-based science in a set of 147 simultaneous discoveries. Importantly, hubs not only facilitate localized knowledge flow but also extend the geographic reach of academic science, attracting the attention of distant firms. This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.

scholarly journals Creating Social Capital in the Early American Republic: The View from Connecticut

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann N. Neem
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Early American ◽  
Antebellum Era ◽  
New Form

During the early years of the American republic, Connecticut's elite helped to develop a new form of social order, based on voluntary association, replacing the authoritarian, theological hierarchy of the old regime. Social relations, which were once thought fixed in nature by divine sanction, became amenable to the initiatives of the populace. By the antebellum era, Americans had also discovered that social capital could be created through the ordinary activities of people engaged in civil society.

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