What Was the Enlightenment?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone
Keyword(s):  
European Identity ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Cultural Reform ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Style Of Thought ◽  
Ancien Régime

This chapter examines the unifying element, and the ultimate defining trait of, the Enlightenment style of thought that pervaded the new humanism of the moderns: a radical cultural reform of the European identity that was implicit in the Enlightenment idea of civilization. It also considers the Enlightenment's critique of traditional revealed religions in relation to its humanism of the moderns in the context of Ancien Régime Europe. The chapter first considers the effects of the traditional reading of Immanuel Kant's philosophy and the historical discontinuity between the humanisms of earlier centuries and Enlightenment humanism before discussing Voltaire's view of religion as a necessity and a useful tool in the life of man.

scholarly journals La consommation de chocolat et ses topoï dans la fiction des Lumières

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Élodie Ripoll
Keyword(s):  
Ancien Regime ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Selection Of

This article investigates chocolate in Ancien Régime society through a selection of treatises, dictionaries, and novels from the Enlightenment.  These texts provide valuable information on its benefits, preparation, and consumption – revealing new dietary as well as social rituals, closely linked to the libertine imagination.  In addition, the novels inform the evolution of descriptive practices. The analysis of short excerpts enables us to propose a few topoi, such as “to take one’s chocolate,” “to invite to take chocolate,” “to feel pleasure with chocolate” or “(to attempt) to administer poison or narcotic in chocolate.”

scholarly journals Os antecedentes históricos do conflito entre Dom Vital e o regalismo brasileiro e a sua resolução ineficaz

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (269) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
The Church ◽  
Freedom Of Action

Uma melhor compreensão da importância de Dom Vital na história brasileira do século XIX exige uma visão mais ampla da política eclesiástica regalista no Brasil, verificando as suas raízes no iluminismo já no “ancien régime” em Portugal. Em sintonia com o movimento ultramontanista que vinha se formando frente aos movimentos de liberalismo e nacionalismo, especialmente na Itália, a experiência de Dom Vital na França o ajudou a ver de perto as suas possibilidades de enfrentar as políticas hostis à Igreja. De volta ao Brasil e já consagrado Bispo, tomou uma decisão imprevista, mas decisiva: enfrentou o Imperador ao defender-se contra uma parte mais radical da Maçonaria em Pernambuco. Para o Império, sua posição foi política e não contra a Maçonaria, contra a autoridade imperial, enquanto para Dom Vital foi uma expressão de fé, defendendo a liberdade de ação da Igreja.Abstract: A better understanding of the importance of Dom Vital in Brazilian history during the Nineteenth Century requires a larger vision of the regalist and ecclesiatical policies in Brasil, verifying its roots already in the enlightenment of the “ancien régime” in Portugal. In conformity with the utramontanist movement which was taking shape in reaction to liberalism and nationalism, specially in Italy, the experience of Dom Vital in France helped him grasp the possibilities of how to face up to the hostil policies against the Church. Back in Brazil and already consacrated Bishop, he made an unforeseen, but decisive decision. He confronted the Emperor by defending himself against the most radical elements of Free Masonry in Pernambuco. For the Empire, his stance was political and not against Free Masonry, against the imperial authority while for Dom Vital, it was an expression of faith, defending the Church’s freedom of action.

scholarly journals Ilustración, educación y teatro en España a finales del siglo XVIII. Algunas claves

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Vieites
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Educational Issues ◽  
Ancien Régime

For Spaniards during the Enlightenment, education was a key element in their proposals for reform and modernisation of a country still stubbornly anchored in the feudal structures of the Ancien Régime. As such, different educational issues pervaded the writings and public activities of the most progressive intellectuals. In the same way, educational themes began to pervade the theatre, which these intellectuals saw as an ideal platform for disseminating the ideas of modernisation and convergence with other European countries. Based on a review of different documentary sources from the period and other pertinent literature, this paper shows how educational issues permeated the work of numerous authors, who considered drama a useful tool for the transmission of principles, values and social norms, with the ultimate aim of building a new society for Spanish citizens. At the same time, we analyse different initiatives designed to modernise both theatres and the plays enacted within them, as media for public education designed to appeal to a new audience – a reflection of the new civility.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bruce Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The One ◽  
Ancien Régime

Evangelicals reprised the biblical trope of the “one thing needful” (the unum necessarium) but emphasized singular devotion not in the context of cloister or vestry but in the wider world. This book gives an account of this dynamic spirituality in the new social space of a modernizing society where the traditional bonds of ancien régime society were weakening. It describes the emergence of evangelical spirituality but views devotion, culture, and ideas all together. Evangelical devotion appeared alongside the rise of Modernity, the Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution, and in the midst of a shift from the authority of the ancients to that of the moderns. Evangelical devotion is therefore examined in relation to the key cultural domains of science, law, and art, and the leading intellectual discourses of natural and moral philosophy. The leading subjects and sources for the book and the content of each chapter are also briefly introduced.

scholarly journals Cambios en la domesticidad de la casa aristocrática: el palacio de los condes de Toreno en Cangas del Narcea (1689-1827)

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-110
Author(s):  
Juan Díaz Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Sobre Todo

Fernando Queipo de Llano y Valdés (Madrid, 1663-Cangas del Narcea, 1718), tercer conde de Toreno, regresó al viejo solar asturiano de su ascendencia en 1683 para casarse, tras medio siglo de absentismo familiar. El prístino hogar medieval fue arrasado y sustituido por un nuevo y amplio edificio, en el que se concentraban las nuevas necesidades de habitabilidad requeridas por la aristocracia, aunque en un entorno rural. El interior doméstico se racionaliza, lo que supondrá la funcionalidad específica de cada una de las salas desde el principio. A partir de varios inventarios de bienes fechados entre 1719 y 1827 se observan los principales cambios y permanencias en el hogar de una familia aristocrática durante el siglo XVIII y en la transición del Antiguo Régimen al Liberalismo, favorecidos por los paulatinos cambios culturales suscitados a lo largo del Siglo de las Luces, en la utilización de las habitaciones y en su decoración, sobre todo en las colecciones artísticas (pinacoteca y tapicería).PALABRAS CLAVEResidencia nobiliaria, domesticidad, habitabilidad, sociabilidad, Condes de Toreno, Cangas del Narcea.  Fernando Queipo de Llano y Valdés, 3rd count of Toreno, returned to Asturian ancestral home in 1683 to marry, after half a century of family absenteeism. Pristine medieval house was razed and replaced by a great building, in wich concentrated the new habitability needs required by the aristocrazy in a rural setting. The domestic interior is modernized, which will mean the specific functionality of each room. Changes and continuities in the nobility home are observed, from the post mortem inventories, during the transition from Ancien Régime to Liberalism, favored by gradual cultural changes in the use of the rooms and their decor during the Enlightenment, with luxury consumer goods, especially in the collections of paintings and tapestries.KEY WORDSNoble Residence, Domesticity, Habitability, Sociability, Counts of Toreno, Cangas del Narcea.

Politicization and Natura Naturans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ancien Régime

This chapter examines two major phenomena that had a profound influence on the Late Enlightenment: the sudden and momentous politicization of the Republic of Letters, and the gradual move towards neonaturalism in all fields of knowledge. Over the course of more than a hundred years, the Enlightenment had evolved into a cultural revolution directed against the Ancien Régime, culminating in the significant transformation of Western identity. The crisis of the Ancien Régime arose in step with the Late Enlightenment, setting off a process of cultural hegemony that has rarely been witnessed in any other time or place. The chapter considers how the actual enthronement of man and all his faculties as preached by the Encyclopédie and by Enlightenment humanism went hand in hand with the emergence of the new paradigm of a natura naturans.

Enlightenment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Munck
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
The French Revolution

The Enlightenment, as a historical term, is intimately linked to the Ancien Régime: both describe historical constructs that once seemed more French than European, at least in origin, and although the term “Ancien Régime” acquired its meaning only in retrospect (from the perspective of 1790), both were originally used by historians to denote something which had come to an end by 1789. The Enlightenment was the intellectually innovative and emancipatory process which, depending on the definition of the Ancien Régime itself, either modernized the political and social structures of the early modern state, or helped to undermine it and to precipitate the upheaval of the French Revolution.

Afterword

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jonathan Israel ◽  
Ancien Régime

This book has examined the philosophers' point of view about the Enlightenment, and more specifically the question Was ist Aufklärung? that had been posed by Immanuel Kant. It has also postulated a new history of the Enlightenment as an epochal rift and cultural revolution of the Ancien Régime, a cultural history that is ready to embrace a new, extraordinary and original form of humanism, a bold project for the emancipation of man by man, scientifically investigating himself. The book's argument challenges the work of Anglophone interpreters such as Jonathan Israel, who critiqued a kind of social and cultural history of the Enlightenment that has long since ceased to exist in the form in which he still appears to conceive of it, and claimed that Spinozistic secularization and philosophical materialism were the authentic source and original character of our modernity.

Books, Philosophy, Enlightenment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
French Enlightenment ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
The Revolution

Books enjoy a privileged position in many accounts of the enlightenment and its links to revolutionary causation. However, historians have struggled to delineate convincingly and reach agreement about what those links actually were. This chapter attempts to use the freshest evidence to establish the place of the book in enlightenment and revolutionary print culture and politics. This involves a wide-ranging exploration of historical, methodological and definitional dilemmas such as: What is a ‘book’ and what place did books occupy in eighteenth-century culture? What sorts of printed texts were influential in the final years of the ancien régime and during the Revolution? Who read them and how did they understand and respond to them? And how do the answers to these questions revise understandings of the links between French enlightenment and Revolution?

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