Prices Return

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
Philip T. Hoffman ◽  
Gilles Postel-Vinay ◽  
Jean-Laurent Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Price Equilibrium ◽  
Economics Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Pooling Equilibria ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter considers the transition to a new equilibrium in 1899 by reviewing some economics literature that deals with three different issues that arise in the transition from a single-price equilibrium to a range of prices. The first suggests that when there is substantial asymmetric information, price competition in credit markets may be reduced, if not eliminated, in favor of credit rationing. Next, the chapter studies why the equilibrium in a credit rationing market may feature a single interest rate. Finally, it examines a third approach that analyzes conditions under which such pooling equilibria may unravel. This economics literature helps shed light on the transition from the near universal five-percent interest rate equilibrium to a regime with a distribution of rates in the late nineteenth century.

The Origins of State Pure Food Regulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC T. LAW
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Information Problem ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Why did state governments begin to regulate the food industry in the late nineteenth century? One possible explanation is that pure food regulation was the result of rent seeking on the part of traditional food producers who wanted to limit the availability of new substitutes. Another potential hypothesis is that regulation was desired because it helped solve an asymmetric information problem in the market for food products. I find the evidence to be more consistent with the latter hypothesis.

scholarly journals Médicos científicos y medicos ilícitos en la ciudad de México durante el porfiriato

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (019) ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA AGOSTONI
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Shed Light

DURING LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY MEXICO CITY, UNIVERSITY TRAINED PHYSICIANS ATTEMPTED TO DOMINATE THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND TO DIFERENTIATE THEMSELVES FROM WHAT THEY CONSIDERED TO BE OLLEGAL COMMUNITY AND THE SHARED VALUES OF THEIR SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION AND SOCIAL DISTINCTION THEY WANTED TO SEE IN PLACE BETWEEN THEMSELVES AND THE ´ OTHER´ WAS DIFFICULT TO DEFINE, AND EVEN MORE SO TO ENFORCE. THIS ARTICLE SEEKS TO SHED LIGHT ON THE EMPHASIS OF THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR MEDICINE DURING PORFIRIAN MEXICO.

Railways and Coastal Shipping in Britain in the Later Nineteenth Century: Cooperation and Competition

2009 ◽  
pp. 103-128
Author(s):  
John Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
Coastal Shipping ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Levels Of Service

This essay charts the lesser-known methods utilised by rail and shipping companies to restrict inter-modal competition in Britain in the late nineteenth century. It examines the collaboration between rail and shipping companies over freight rates and levels of service, via surviving written agreements, Railway Clearing House (RCH) records, and shipping records. It explores the motives for collaboration and offers case studies of several agreements made during the period. Overall, it discovers that collaboration between rail and shipping companies was necessary to keep freight rates fixed and to handle price competition within their sectors.

“The eyes of our potatoes are weeping”: the rise of the Colorado beetle as an insect pest

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Shed Light

This paper draws upon a prominent example of the fears and strategies surrounding the movements of an insect “pest” in the late nineteenth century. As a menace from the New World, the Colorado beetle carried considerable cultural freight. By examining the American, Canadian, and British responses to the threat of an “alien” species, this paper will shed light on the politics of expertise in the natural world. Nineteenth-century experts and commentators saw the Colorado beetle as the most visible manifestation of the possible dangers of increasing mass monocultural production and international trade and movement. Moreover, they met this threat with the mass application of inorganic insecticides.

scholarly journals Swedish Education Exhibitions and Aesthetic Governing at World´'s Fairs in the Late Nineteenth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
Christian Lundahl
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Regional Process ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Shed Light

For many historians of education, the emergence of a modern education system after the mid-nineteenth century was a national and regional process, neatly and carefully closed off within the borders of the nation. However, these accounts have often disregarded the effects of the flows of cross-border ideas and technologies, such as international comparisons, lesson-drawing, policy diffusion and travel, as well as local adaptations and translations of education policy originating elsewhere. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the relations between Swedish education and the international scene when it comes to policy and practice formation. The field of study is the international World´s Fairs of 1862–1904. Looking at what Sweden displayed, and understanding how visitors perceived it, the article raises questions concerning how exhibitions like these worked as mediators of educational ideals. The focus will be on the dissemination of aesthetic ideals, and the article will show that the World’s Fairs were platforms for an aesthetic normativity that had governing effects locally as well as globally.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

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