Darwin’s Unfinished Symphony

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Laland
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Life History ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter poses the question of the evolution of intellectual faculties. But a satisfactory explanation demands insight into the evolutionary origins of some of our most striking attributes—our intelligence, language, cooperation, teaching, and morality—yet most of these features are not just distinctive, they are unique to our species. That makes it harder to glean clues to the distant history of our minds through comparison with other species. At the heart of this challenge lies the undeniable fact that we humans are an amazingly successful species. Our range is unprecedented; we have colonized virtually every terrestrial habitat on Earth; exhibit behavioral diversity that is unparalleled in the animal kingdom; and resolved countless ecological, social, and technological challenges. When one considers that the life history, social life, sexual behavior, and foraging patterns of humans have also diverged sharply from those of other apes, there are grounds for claiming that human evolution exhibits unusual and striking features that go beyond our self-obsession and demand explanation.

Society, Nature, Emancipation

Why History? ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 154-190
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Vicarious Experience ◽  
Human History ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
History Of

This chapter is predominantly concerned with the thought tendencies grouped under the heading ‘the Enlightenment’, with regulation caveats about variations in character, national and otherwise, of the intellectual traditions denoted by the term: the French, Scottish, and German cases are each given separate attention. The governing concern is with the most theoretically self-conscious attempts to establish the utility of History as a way of understanding the human experience in light of influential concepts like Volksgeist, circonstance, esprit général, represéntations, and even ‘relations of production’, that elucidated human diversity across time and place. When explaining the broad sweep of human history providential accounts were replaced by secular ones, though in some instances the latter were structurally similar to the former and so had some of the character of History as Speculative Philosophy. On the whole the scholarship under examination evinced a liberal spirit as regards confessional and national differences, though it was frequently marked by a partiality to occidental civilization. Overall, we see a shift away from the study of religious and political institutions and towards—or back towards, insofar as there was some crossover with the French ‘new History’ of the sixteenth century—civic morals, culture, and the structural conditions of social life. History expanded further from being an instruction in statecraft for public men to proffering more rounded edification in the form of vicarious experience of different spheres of life.

Beyond the Locker Room: Campus Bars and College Athletes

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Jon Curry
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Male Bonding ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Locker Room ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

This paper extends the research conducted on male bonding in locker rooms to another well-known but under-researched site, the campus bar. Through a life history of a former athlete, we learn about the connection between what is said in the locker room and behavior outside. We also gain insight into the role campus bars play in facilitating aggression and sexual misconduct by male athletes.

The Senate, the courts, and theSC de Cn. Pisone patre

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Judicial Role

The origins and nature of the judicial role of the senate in cases which under the republic were the business of the permanentquaestioneshave been the subject of long debate, and a satisfactory explanation has yet to be found for the change that had undoubtedly taken place by the reign of Tiberius. The discovery and publication of the senatorial decree which concluded the investigation into the charge brought in A.D. 20 against Cn. Piso following the murder of Germanicus,2 in addition to the wealth of new material it provides for the political history of the period and the understanding of the methods of the historian Tacitus, allows an insight into the relation of the senate to thequaestio maiestatiswhich may prove useful in unravelling some of the puzzles which have troubled scholars hitherto.

Evolutionary Ecology of Burrow Construction and Social Life

2018 ◽  
pp. 280-302
Author(s):  
Mark E. Laidre
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Extended Phenotype ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Architecture

Burrows represent a prominent example of animal architecture that fundamentally alters the surrounding physical environment, often with important consequences for social life. Crustaceans, in particular, offer a model system for understanding the adaptive functions of burrows, their ecological costs and benefits, and their long-term evolutionary impacts on sociality. In general, burrows are central to the life history of many species, functioning as protective dwellings against predators and environmental extremes. Within the refuge of a burrow, one or multiple inhabitants can feed, molt, grow, mate, and raise offspring in relative safety. Depending on the substratum, substantial construction costs can be incurred to excavate a burrow de novo or enlarge a preexisting natural crevice. This investment has been evolutionarily favored because the benefits afforded by the burrow outweigh these costs, making the burrow an “extended phenotype” of the architect itself. Yet even after a burrow is fully constructed, the architect must incur continued costs over its life history, both in maintenance and defense, if it is to reap further benefits of its burrow. Indeed, because burrows accumulate value based on the work involved in their construction, they can attract conspecific intruders who seek to shortcut the cost of construction by evicting an existing occupant and usurping its burrow. Consequently, a burrowing lifestyle can lead to escalating social competition, with many crustaceans evolving elaborate weapons and territorial signals to resolve conflicts over burrow ownership. Some burrows even outlast the original architect as an “ecological inheritance,” serving as a legacy that impacts social evolution among subsequent generations of kin and nonkin. Comparative studies, using cutting-edge technology to dig deeper into the natural history of crustacean burrows, can provide powerful tests of general theoretical models of animal architecture and social evolution, especially the extended phenotype and niche construction.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics and Transcriptomics During Sexual Development Gives Insight Into the Life History of the Cosmopolitan Fungus Fusarium neocosmosporiellum

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyong Kim ◽  
Brad Cavinder ◽  
Robert H. Proctor ◽  
Kerry O’Donnell ◽  
Jeffrey P. Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Egg accumulation with 3D embryos provides insight into the life history of a pterosaur

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 358 (6367) ◽  
pp. 1197-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Alexander W. A. Kellner ◽  
Shunxing Jiang ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Chayanov’s sociology of art. [Rew.] Chayanov A.V. Selected Art Heritage. Moscow: Izdatelskiy dom TONCHU publ., 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Nikulin ◽  
Ekaterina S. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Sociology Of Art ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
West European

A.V. Chayanov was primarily an agrarian economist, but he also possessed encyclopedic interests and knowledge and wrote a series of articles on the history of art, which reflect his peculiar sociology of art. This article is a review of the collection of works which include articles written by this outstanding social thinker. The author considers that Chayanov’s articles on the history of collecting artwork in Moscow and on the history of West-European engraving show the original features of his sociological interdisciplinary analysis. Chayanov studied various aspects of social life — history and economics, art and culture — to identify the historical-social types of collectors of fine artwork, the impact of social crises on the nature of collecting, the problems of elitism and egalitarianism in art, and the directions of people’s cultural development. All of these issues are still relevant to contemporary studies of art.

Listening to Scientists’ Stories: Using the British Library's “An Oral History of British Science” Archive

Collections ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Ruth Wainman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oral History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
British Science ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

The British Library's “An Oral History of British Science” (OHBS) was created in 2009 to address the dearth of oral history archives in the United Kingdom dedicated to capturing the personal experiences of British scientists. This article examines the implications of using an oral history archive from the perspective of a historian of science to write about scientists’ identities during their doctoral research. The advantages of using life history interviews to explore scientists’ stories are situated within the longer historiographical trajectories of oral history and the history of science. In addition, this article reflects on the process of using a recent oral history archive that has not only allowed for an almost unprecedented access into the personal and working lives of recent scientists but also afforded a greater insight into the creation and aims of the OHBS itself.

Life history of Kladothrips ellobus and Oncothrips rodwayi : insight into the origin and loss of soldiers in gall-inducing thrips

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda D. Kranz ◽  
Michael P. Schwarz ◽  
David C. Morris ◽  
Bernard J. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Modification of life history and morphometric traits of montane species as an expression of adaptive abilities to different climatic conditions – a case study of Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex Bercht. (the Babia Góra Mt, Western Carpathians, Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Katarzyna Uziębło
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Detailed data on the response of plants to different climatic conditions could gain insight into the early impacts of climate change upon functioning ecosystems especially alpine ones, the most specialized. <em>Petasites kablikianus</em> (Asteraceae) is a species with montane and disjunctive distribution range, and it is one of the best objects to such investigations. In Polish high mountains, it is represented the best on the northern slopes of the Babia Góra massif (the Babiogórski National Park) and it occurs in two, independent zones: subalpine (landslides, rock rubbles) and lower montane zone (gravels on stream banks). The climatic differences between these two zones result in a morphological differentiation of specimens but mainly in differences in the dynamics of the life history of both populations. Detailed phenological observations and biometrical measurements were made on five plots on both gynodynamic and androdynamic shoots in their natural environment and after transplantation. The most important result is a fact that the subalpine population is completely phenologically isolated. Moreover the differences in the dates of beginning vegetation and in the duration and dynamics of particular stages of development and in morphological structure of individuals between the upper and lower populations were also stated. The results show that the adaptability of the species present a great potential to respond to the possible effects of global warming by modifying the life history and extending of distribution range for low-lying areas.

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