Predicting the formation of tornadoes using association rule mining by studying a real life tornado event : Georgia, USA January, 2013

Tornadoes form in violent thunderstorms due to instability and wind shear present in the lower atmosphere. The spinning of a tornado is the result of the updrafts and downdrafts caused due to unstable air. The mystery that how and why tornadoes are formed are far away from a satisfactory explanation. In this paper, data is extracted from real time tornado event occurred at Georgia, USA in January, 2013. Then in-depth analysis has been done on each variable responsible to bring tornado and finally association rule mining has been applied to find association among all those weather variables. Our study produced interesting rules to predict non tornadic and tornadic weather conditions.

Protoplasmodynamic moments in the clinic of cardiovascular patients

In search of a satisfactory explanation of the pathogenesis of heart failure, the clinic has not been satisfied for a long time with one account of changes in the contractility of the heart muscle and changes in valves, but turns its attention to peripheral circulation.

WOMIDZ 'EVIL EYE' AS A PHENOMENON OF VERBAL MAGIC OF THE KOMI-ZYRYANS

Belief in the evil eye is among the rare universals of human culture, which still does not have a satisfactory explanation. The author proposes to focus on the traditional ideas of the Komi-Zyryans about the in the evil eye, which make it possible to assert their original verbal-magical character. The concept put forward by the author is based on the following definition is put forward by the author of the concept: “ Womidz is an unintentional, spontaneously induced verbal-magical effect with a negative result, due to the linguistic semantics of the word- womidz . The verbal component underlying the magical act can be expressed by direct speech or is associated with the verbalization by the addressee of unspoken thoughts and intentions of the addressere”. This provision is proved by the analysis of folk terminology and a wide range of phenomena characteristic of the notions of spoilage. According to the author's position, the verbal-magic act of vomidz can be presented in the form of a communicative model: addressere (sender of the word- womidz ) - verbal message (word- womidz ) - addressee (recipient of the message) and object of damage- womidz ; this object can be either the addressee himself or any object of vital importance to him, which is in the field of view.

Prejudice in Testimonial Justification: A Hinge Account

Although research on epistemic injustice has focused on the effects of prejudice in epistemic exchanges, the account of prejudice that emerges in Fricker's (2007) view is not completely clear. In particular, I claim that the epistemic role of prejudice in the structure of testimonial justification is still in need of a satisfactory explanation. What special epistemic power does prejudice exercise that prevents the speaker's words from constituting evidence for the hearer's belief? By clarifying this point, it will be possible to address two more general issues concerning the nature of prejudice: its resistance to counterevidence and the steps involved in overcoming prejudice. I propose a hinge account of prejudice, based on the recent perspective of hinge epistemology, to help clarify these aspects. According to the hinge account, prejudices share a fundamental feature with hinges: they work as norms of evidential significance, and as such, they determine what can and cannot count as evidence for belief.

Slurs under quotation

Against content theories of slurs, according to which slurs have some kind of derogatory content, Anderson and Lepore have objected that they cannot explain that even slurs under quotation can cause offense. If slurs had some kind of derogatory content, the argument goes, quotation would render this content inert and, thus, quoted slurs should not be offensive. Following this, Anderson and Lepore propose that slurs are offensive because they are prohibited words. In this paper, we will show that, pace Anderson and Lepore, content theories of slurs do provide an explanation of the fact that quoted slurs can cause offense: even under quotation, the explanation goes, the derogatory content of a slur can still be psychologically efficacious. We will go one step further by pointing out that offensiveness is not the only function of slurs, but that slurs can also be used to create and reinforce negative attitudes towards the target group. While content theories can easily explain this by referring to some kind of derogatory content, Anderson and Lepore’s prohibitionism will lack a satisfactory explanation of this second function of slurs. Concluding, we will argue that, unlike uses of slurs, uses of quoted slurs normally do not derogate the target group. This will again speak in favor of content theories. Accordingly, uses of quoted slurs are not derogatory because quotation renders the derogatory content inert. Hence, rather than speaking against content theories, quoted slurs speak in their favor.

Explanatory profiles of models of consciousness- towards a systematic classification

Models of consciousness aim to inspire new experimental protocols and aid interpretations of empirical evidence to reveal the structure of conscious experience. Nevertheless, no current model is univocally accepted on either theoretical or empirical grounds. Moreover, a straightforward comparison is difficult for conceptual reasons. In particular, we argue that different models explicitly or implicitly subscribe to different notions of what constitutes a satisfactory explanation, use different tools in their explanatory endeavours, and even aim to explain very different phenomena. We thus present a framework to compare existing models in the field with respect to what we call their "explanatory profiles". We focus on the following minimal dimensions: mode of explanation, mechanisms of explanation, and target of explanation. We also discuss the empirical consequences of the discussed discrepancies among models. This approach may eventually lead to identifying driving assumptions, theoretical commitments, experimental predictions, and a better design of future testing experiments. Finally, our conclusion points to more integrative theoretical research, where axiomatic models may play a critical role in solving current theoretical and experimental contradictions.

Making Sense of the Optical Punishment of the Watchers in Light of Ancient Ocular Theories

The Book of the Watchers (i.e., 1 Enoch 1–36) contains several punishments for the fallen Watchers’ crimes. Interestingly, one of the penalties is optical in nature – God forces the Watchers to observe the eradication of their beloved offspring (10:12; 12:6; 14:6). However, the text itself does not explain why God chose to inflict this form of penalty. The present article seeks to provide a satisfactory explanation in light of the ocular theories contemporaneous with the mentioned literature. This undertaking reveals that the Watchers’ particular offense – voyeurism (6:2) – is critical to understanding their optical sentence because the deities often employed visual penalties to punish improper amorous gazing. In this regard, the Book of the Watchers demonstrates a talionic correspondence between the Watchers’ voyeurism and God’s response to it. Ultimately, the ocular penalty depicts God as the righteous judge who renders fitting retributions to the criminal.

Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Re-Based Superconductors: Recent Developments

In the recent search for unconventional- and topological superconductivity, noncentrosymmetric superconductors (NCSCs) rank among the most promising candidate materials. Surprisingly, some of them—especially those containing rhenium—seem to exhibit also time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking in their superconducting state, while TRS is preserved in many other isostructural NCSCs. To date, a satisfactory explanation for such discrepant behavior, albeit crucial for understanding the unconventional superconductivity of these materials, is still missing. Here we review the most recent developments regarding the Re-based class, where the muon-spin relaxation (μSR) technique plays a key role due to its high sensitivity to the weak internal fields associated with the TRS breaking phenomenon. We discuss different cases of Re-containing superconductors, comprising both centrosymmetric- and noncentrosymmetric crystal structures, ranging from pure rhenium, to ReT (T = 3d-5d early transition metals), to the dilute-Re case of ReBe22. μSR results suggest that the rhenium presence and its amount are two key factors for the appearance and the extent of TRS breaking in Re-based superconductors. Besides summarizing the existing findings, we also put forward future research ideas regarding the exciting field of materials showing TRS breaking.

Prebiotic Pathway from Ribose to RNA Formation

At the focus of abiotic chemical reactions is the synthesis of ribose. No satisfactory explanation was provided as to the missing link between the prebiotic synthesis of ribose and prebiotic RNA (preRNA). Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is assumed to have been the principal precursor in the prebiotic formation of aldopentoses in the formose reaction and in the synthesis of ribose. Ribose as the best fitting aldopentose became the exclusive sugar component of RNA. The elevated yield of ribose synthesis at higher temperatures and its protection from decomposition could have driven the polymerization of the ribose-phosphate backbone and the coupling of nucleobases to the backbone. RNA could have come into being without the involvement of nucleotide precursors. The first nucleoside monophosphate is likely to have appeared upon the hydrolysis of preRNA contributed by the presence of reactive 2′-OH moieties in the preRNA chain. As a result of phosphorylation, nucleoside monophosphates became nucleoside triphosphates, substrates for the selective synthesis of genRNA.

Conclusion

This history of women’s music in the southern United States—one taking into account regional practices—offers new perspectives into class, social aspirations, and gender; it differs substantially from composer-centric narratives. It is the first study to interrogate the impact of the Civil War on women’s music—how it affected repertory, performance circumstances, and careers. The dissimilar women examined here prove that a single, fixed signifier, such as cultural class, social status, parlor music, or domesticity cannot sufficiently account for southern women’s music practices. Gentility provides a more satisfactory explanation by allowing a nuanced examination of southern women—both white and of color—and their musicking.