A Novel Approach for Image Tampering Using Image Hashing

Perceptual image hashing system generates a short signature called perceptual hash attached to an image before transmission and acts as side information for analyzing the trustworthiness of the received image. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve robustness for perceptual image hashing scheme for generating a perceptual hash that should be resistant to content-preserving manipulations, such as JPEG compression and Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) also should differentiate the maliciously tampered image and its original version. Our algorithm first constructs a robust image, derived from the original input by analyzing the stability of the extracted features and improving their robustness. From the robust image, which does perceptually resemble the original input, we further extract the final robust features. Next, robust features are suitably quantized allowing the generation of the final perceptual hash using the cryptographic hash function SHA1. The main idea of this paper is to transform the original image into a more robust one that allows the extraction of robust features. Generation of the robust image turns out be quite important since it introduces further robustness to the perceptual image hashing system. The paper can be seen as an attempt to propose a general methodology for more robust perceptual image hashing. The experimental results presented in this paper reveal that the proposed scheme offers good robustness against JPEG compression and Additive white Gaussian noise.

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Robust Hash for Detecting and Localizing Image Tampering

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 439-440 ◽

pp. 1018-1023

Author(s):

De Long Cui ◽

Yong Fu Liu ◽

Jing Long Zuo

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Fractional Fourier Transform ◽

Image Hashing ◽

Post Processing ◽

Feature Extracting ◽

Image Tampering ◽

Secret Keys ◽

Robust Image ◽

Hashing Algorithm ◽

Robust Image Hashing

In order to improve the sensitive to illegal manipulations of image hashing, a novel robust image hashing algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) for detecting and localizing image tampering is proposed in this paper. The framework of generating an image hashing includes three steps: preprocessing, feature extracting and post processing. The robust hashing sequence is obtained by FRFT coefficients of image blocks. The security of proposed algorithm is totally depended on the orders of FRFT which are saved as secret keys. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against perceptually acceptable modifications to the image such as JPEG compression, mid-filtering, and rotation, more importantly the tampered place can be identified accurately.

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Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20190591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 476 (24) ◽

pp. 3705-3719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Avani Vyas ◽

Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽

Kirill Kiselyov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Platinum Resistance ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Platinum Compounds ◽

Copper Chelation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

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Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 544-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Murphy ◽

Emily A. Diehm

Keyword(s):

Written Language ◽

Morphological Knowledge ◽

English Orthography ◽

Word Level ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Language Pathology ◽

The One ◽

Critical Intervention ◽

Reading And Spelling ◽

Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

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