scholarly journals Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators on IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Feeder In-Line Transformer Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
Kemei Peter Kirui ◽  
David K. Murage ◽  
Peter K. Kihato
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators ◽  
Network Operations

The ever increasing global demand on the electrical energy has lead to the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) onto the distribution power systems networks to supplement on the deficiencies on the electrical energy generation capacities. The high penetration levels of DGs on the electrical distribution networks experienced over the past decade calls for the grid operators to periodically and critically asses the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations. The assessment on the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations is done by simulating the dynamic response of the network to major disturbances occurring on the network like the faults once the DGs have been connected into it. Connection of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) into a conventional electrical energy distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels experienced during a fault and also on the protective devices used in protecting the distribution network equipment namely; the transformers, the overhead distribution lines, the underground cables and the line compensators and the shunt capacitors commonly used/found on the relatively long rural distribution feeders. The main factors which contribute to the impacts brought by the WTGs integration onto a conventional distribution network are: The location of interconnecting the WTG/s into the distribution feeder; The size/s of the WTG/s in terms of their electrical wattage penetrating the distribution network; And the type of the WTG interfacing technology used labeled/classified as, Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV WTGs. Even though transformers are the simplest and the most reliable devices in an electrical power system, transformer failures can occur due to internal or external conditions that make the transformer incapable of performing its proper functions. Appropriate transformer protection should be used with the objectives of protecting the electrical power system in case of a transformer failure and also to protect the transformer itself from the power system disturbances like the faults. This paper was to investigate the effects of integrating WTGs on a distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse conventional protection coordination scheme. The radial distribution feeder studied was the IEEE 13 node radial test feeder and it was simulated using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software for distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse protection coordination analysis. The IEEE 13 Node radial test feeder In-line transformer studied is a three-phase  step down transformer having a star solidly grounded primary winding supplied at  and a star solidly grounded secondary winding feeding power at a voltage of . The increase on the short circuit currents at the In-line transformer nodes due to the WTG integration continuously reduces the time coordination margins between the upstream fuse F633 and the downstream fuse F634 used to protect the transformer.

scholarly journals Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators with Different Interfacing Technologies on Radial Distribution Feeder Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination Scheme.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Kemei Peter Kirui ◽  
David K. Murage ◽  
Peter K. Kihato
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators ◽  
Coordination Scheme

The ever increasing demand on the electrical energy has led to the diversification on the electrical energy generation technologies especially from the renewable energy sources like the wind and the solar PV. Micro-grids powered by distributed generators utilizing renewable energy sources are on the increase across the globe due to the natural abundance of the resources, the favorable government policies and the resources being environmentally friendly. However, since the electrical power distribution networks have always been passive networks, the connection of the distributed generations (DGs) into the network has associated several technical implications with distribution network protection and Over-Current Protective Devices (OCPDs) miss-coordination being one of the major issues. The need for a detailed assessment of the impacts of the wind turbine generation (WTGs) on the distribution networks operations has become critical. The penetration of the WTGs into a distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels of the distribution network hence eventually affecting the OCPDs coordination time margins. The factors which contribute to these impacts are: The size of the WTG penetrating the distribution network, the location at which the WTG is connected on to the network and the Type of the WTG interfacing technology used. An important aspect of the WTGs impacts studies is to evaluate their short circuit current contribution into the distribution network under different fault conditions. The magnitudes of these short circuit currents, both the three phase and the single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults, are needed for sizing the various Over-Current Protective Devices (OCPDs) utilized in protecting the distribution network. The sizing of the OCPDs entails among other procedures coordinating them with both the upstream and the downstream OCPDs so that there is sufficient time margin between their Time Current Characteristic (TCC) curves. For Fuse-Fuse protection coordination, the ANSI/NEC rules stipulate that a minimum of 0.025seconds or more time margin should be maintained between the primary/downstream fuse and the secondary/upstream/back-up fuse. Due to the topological and operational differences between the different types of WTGs interfacing technologies, the electrical generators design industry has divided wind turbine generators into four different types labeled as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV. This paper presents a detailed study of the impacts brought upon by integrating wind turbine generators on a conventional Fuse-Fuse protection coordination scheme. A conventional Fuse-Fuse protection coordination scheme was modeled in Electrical Transients Analysis Program (ETAP) software and WTG with different interfacing technologies connected. A study of the impacts brought by the integration of the WTGs on Fuse-Fuse Miss-coordination was performed. IEEE 13 Node Radial Distribution Test Feeder was used for the study.

Power Plant Station Protection System against Voltage Fluctuation

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abadal Salam T. Hussain ◽  
Waleed A. Oraibi ◽  
Fadhel A. Jumaa ◽  
F. Malek ◽  
Syed F. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Protective Relay

Electrical Power System protection is required to protectboth the user and the system equipment itself fromany fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as the undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. Some of these undesirable conditions are short circuit, current leakage, ground faultand over-under voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty in power plant, over voltage protection has become more important today. Here, the component that had been used is PIC 16F877a microcontroller to control the whole system and especially on the circuit breakers as well as the LCT display unit is used to display the voltage level and type of generator that used to serve the load. Sensors are used to measure both thevoltage and the load. The controlled digital signal from PIC microcontroller is converted by using the digital analog converter to control the whole circuit. Thus a device called protective relay is created to meet this requirement. The protective relay is mostlyoften coupled with circuit breaker in a way that it can isolate the abnormal condition in the system.

Multi-Objective Economic Emission Load Dispatch Solution Using Evolutionary Algorithm with and without Considering Wind Power Penetration and Valve Point Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
K. Thenmalar ◽  
S. Ramesh ◽  
K.S. Anuja
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Programming ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective

The electrical power system is considered as the most complex man-made systems mainly due to their wide geographical coverage. Electrical energy industries contributes environmental pollution which rise questions concern environmental protection and methods of eliminating or reducing pollution from power plants either by design or by operational strategies. Electric power plants are mainly aimed to operate al low fuel cost strategies .In this paper a Multi –Objective Economic Emission Load Dispatch problem is solved to minimize the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) , oxides of other fuels that release during generation of electricity and fuel cost considering both Thermal generators and Wind turbines. A large number of iterations and oscillation are those of the major concern in solving the economic load dispatch problem by using the BFO(bacterial foraging optimization) method. By applying BFO method the economic dispatch problem is optimized to minimize the total generation cost of a power system while satisfying various equality and inequality constraints. The effect of Wind power on overall emission is also investigated here using Quadratic programming by wolf’s method. This method has better convergence characteristic. Wolf’s method is an extended simplex procedure which can be applied to Quadratic programming problems in which all the problem variables are non-negative.

scholarly journals Integrating Wind Electrical Energy for the Marine Electrical Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4413-4418
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Bus System

Utilization of renewable energy for the reduction of fuel consumption and green house gas (GHG) emissions in the shipping industry has been increased rapidly in the recent years. Wind energy is a clean renewable energy with no pollution which is abundantly available at sea. This paper proposes two different possible configurations of connecting wind power energy into the ship’s main grid bus system . Wind electrical energy output has been connected to ship’s main ac bus system in one configuration and it is connected to ship’s main dc bus system. Even though Wind assisted ship propulsion (WASP) had been started already in the last decades in the form of wing sails, kites, Flettener rotor etc which could assist auxiliary propulsion of the ships, the application of wind power generator on the ship is not often applied. Therefore this paper has a relevant significance in applying wind electrical energy for the marine electrical power system needs. This paper also reveals the benefits and challenges in the area of onboard wind generation and opens future research possibilities in integrating wind energy into marine industry.

Advance in Renewable Energy Using Piezoelectric Power-Harvesting Devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 548-551
Author(s):  
Noorradiyah Ismail ◽  
Rasli Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Power Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Control Circuits

This paper presents a designing piezoelectric harvesting energy device by having mechanical stressWhole system of the designing must be verified and validated through extensive experimental tests. The system structure consists of controller circuit that uses to simulate the system and show the amount of voltage. This generated electrical energy can be harvested using the principle of piezoelectric energy conversion. The propose design is divided into three categories, which are designing the prototype, electronic part and mechanical part. Designing proper mechanisms for exciting the piezoelectric device is necessary also proper electronic control circuits must be designed and modeled. It is used before implementing to the energy storage using a typical bettery. The project gives a new idea to develop a renewable energy as an electrical power system that can generate a power from having a lot of force from people moving so that they would not only depend on the hydro and coal power system.

Research on Electrical Power System with Analysis of Fault Operation State Magnetic Field about DFIG in Wind Power

2013 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Shan He ◽  
Wei Qing Wang ◽  
Hai Yun Wang ◽  
Xin Yan Zhang ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Power System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Magnetic Field Analysis ◽  
Doubly Fed

Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is an important equipment in electrical power system. Operation state of DFIG is complex: it works at subsynchronism, synchronization and hypersynchrony state. Electromagnetic field is various. There is winding on stator and rotor, it’s more possible for fault to happen. Text discuss structure of DFIG, finite element method (FEM) model including stator rotor and air-gap is created, typical magnetic field is calculated including normal operation state, turn-to-turn and single-phase short-circuit happened, result is analysed, distribution discipline of multiple magnetic field is obtained. It provide the evidence to early failure prediction, basic data to develop and design high-capacity generator, optimize structure and magnetic field analysis of DFIG.

Design and Research of Offshore Drilling Platform Electric Power System

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 915-918
Author(s):  
Ping Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Short Circuit Calculation ◽  
Drilling System

In order to design a reasonable safe power control system and realize the automated management of offshore drilling system, this paper analyzes the electric system features and grid configuration of drilling platform; power station design and short circuit calculation; electrical power system electroplax selection. This system adopts oceanographic engineering software EDSA for construction and parameter input and conducts short-circuit calculation for modeling and simulation. The electric system design and short-circuit calculation can be examined by simulation result and real platform.

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