scholarly journals Ovarian Cysts in Menopausal Women (Literature Review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
S. F. Taychinova ◽  
Sh. Kh. Gantsev ◽  
A. Z. Mullagalina ◽  
G. R. Akberdina
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy

Introduction. The incidence of ovarian cyst amounts to 5–17 % in postmenopausal women. Currently monitoring of or screening for ovarian cysts in menopausal patients is not regimented in the Russian Federation at all. This situation warrants a review.Materials and methods. In this paper the authors review retrospective and prospective studies concerning outcomes in patients with ovarian cysts in menopause published in the last 5 years. Results. The retrospective and prospective studies analysed show that the risk of malignancy of this type of benign neoplasm is low, on average 0.7%. The results of a large prospective study prove that there is no need for surgical treatment in 80% of patients.Discussion. There is now doubt that patients with this disorder should be followed up in accordance with an algorithm that clearly defines the criteria for surgical treatment and the follow up length. Surgical treatment should be indicated when there is at least one of the signs of an ovarian cyst: symptomatic, texture not smooth, over 50 mm in diameter, multilocular, bilateral. A positive CA-125 in combination with ultrasound, MRI and CT imaging make it possible to calculate the risk index with the use of a particular formula and determine the indications for a risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The follow up of BRCA1/2 mutation-free patients with a benign ovarian neoplasm should include a close step-by-step monitoring and all the necessary examinations performed in a timely manner.Conclusion. The risk of a malignant transformation of an ovarian cyst in menopause is rather low (about 0.7%); following up patients with simple ovarian cysts in menopause is possible and should be carried out in strict compliance with the algorithm; the preventive bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in patients presenting no signs of ovarian pathology is indicated only for the high risk group (BRCA1/2 mutations confirmed or there is family history).

scholarly journals Vienpusių mažo skersmens kiaušidžių cistų, nustatomų moterims po menopauzės, supiktybėjimo rizika ir chirurginio gydymo būtinybė

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Emilija Grubinskaitė ◽  
Tatjana Orlovskytė ◽  
Justina Pukėnaitė ◽  
Raimundas Lunevičius
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy Index

Emilija Grubinskaitė1, Tatjana Orlovskytė1, Justina Pukėnaitė1, Raimundas Lunevičius21Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas,M. K.Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius2Vilniaus universiteto Gastroenterologijos, nefrourologijos ir chirurgijos klinikos Bendrosios chirurgijos centras; Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Vienpusių asiptominių nedidelio skersmens kiaušidžių cistų nustatymas moterims po menopauzės yra gana dažnas reiškinys. Kaip elgtis su tokiomis cistomis, priklauso nuo klinikinių simptomų raiškos ir supiktybėjimo rizikos. Dažniausiai tokios cistos yra gerybinės ir regresuoja savaime. Kita vertus, visada išlieka supiktybėjimo rizika, todėl neretai taikomas chirurginis tokių cistų gydymas. Šios literatūros apžvalgos tikslas – nustatyti vienpusių nedidelio (?5cm) skersmens cistų moterims po menopauzės supiktybėjimo dažnį bei tinkamiausią tokių cistų gydymo metodą. Vienpusių nedidelio skersmens kiaušidžių cistų supiktybėjimo rizika yra labai maža. Cistos supiktybėjimo rizikai vertinti turi įtakos piktybiškumo rizikos indeksas, susidedantis iš transvaginalinės echoskopijos metu nustatytų cistos pokyčių, Ca-125 antigeno koncentracijos kraujyje ir moters amžiaus. Sprendžiant dėl chirurginio gydymo, svarbu neskubėti – reikia išsiaiškinti pacientės ligos bei šeiminę anamnezę, atlikti nuodugnų ištyrimą. Operaciją planuoti tik pakartotiniu ultragarsiniu tyrimu nustačius naujų pokyčių arba pakartotinai radus padidėjusią Ca-125 antigeno koncentraciją. Reikšminiai žodžiai: kiaušidžių cistos, supiktybėjimo rizika, piktybiškumo rizikos indeksas, ultragarsinis tyrimas, Ca-125 antigenas, chirurginis gydymas Risk of malignancy of small unilateral ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women and the importance of surgical treatment Emilija Grubinskaitė1, Tatjana Orlovskytė1, Justina Pukėnaitė1, Raimundas Lunevičius21Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine,M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania2Vilnius University, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, General Surgery Center; Vilnius University Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių Str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] A small asymptomatic one-sided ovarian cyst in postmenopausal women is a frequent occurrence. The management of these lesions depends on the severity of clinical signs and the risk of malignancy. Most ovarian cysts are benign and regress themselves. However, the risk of a neoplastic process always persists; therefore, surgical treatment of such cysts is applied. The aim of this literature review is to determine the frequency of malignancy of a small (?5 cm) asymptomatic one-sided ovarian cyst in postmenopausal women and the best method of its management. To conclude, the risk of malignancy of small asymptomatic one-sided ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women is low. In evaluating the risk of malignancy, important are the risk of the malignancy index, which takes into account the ultrasound features of the ovarian cyst, the CA125 value and the patients age. It is important not to overestimate the need of surgical treatment. Careful consideration of the patient’s medical and family history as well as careful counselling res crucial. In the presence of an increased CA125 value and/or new features at the repeated ultrasound examination, surgery should be considered. Key words: ovarian cysts, risk of malignancy, risk of malignancy index, ultrasound examination, CA125 level, surgical management

scholarly journals Benign Ovarian Cysts with Raised CA-125 Levels: Do We Need to Evaluate the Fallopian Tubes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Devesh Sharma ◽  
Anjali Vinocha
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen 125

Abstract Objectives It is not clearly known whether some benign (simple) ovarian cysts can convert into cancerous cysts. Size of cyst and wall abnormalities do predict the potentiality of malignancy. Not many studies have been done to explore the malignant potential of large-sized (> 5 cm) unilocular ovarian cysts without wall abnormalities. This study evaluated the correlation between ultrasonographic size of benign ovarian cysts and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. Methodology Sixty (60) premenopausal women were recruited for the study preoperatively, based on transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) findings present in the case record sheet received along with the CA-125 sample in the biochemistry laboratories. Those cases with elevated CA-125 levels were selected, where patients had unilocular ovarian cysts without wall abnormalities. CA-125 was done using ECLIA methodology (Cobas e411, Germany). Statistical correlation was calculated between the ovarian cyst size and CA-125 levels using Spearman’s Rho coefficient. Results Mean age group of subjects were 29.7 ± 7.3 years and mean value of CA-125 (normal < 35 IU/mL) was found to be increased: 118.0 ± 147.1 IU/mL so was the mean diameter of cysts (cut off ≤ 5 cm): 48.6 ± 59.8 cm. No correlation was found between CA-125 levels and volume of ovarian cyst (r = 0.005, p = 0.680) for all subjects. Conclusions The lack of correlation between size of ovarian cysts and CA-125 levels provides a hint that the ovarian cyst epithelium does not directly express CA-125 and it may come from sites like the fallopian tube. Thus, raised level of CA-125 in benign ovarian cyst should be followed-up more closely, demanding assessment of fallopian tubes for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Also, algorithms can be explored to include size of ovarian cyst and CA 125 levels to predict ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Surgical aspects of the treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts in girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
D. A. Malysheva ◽  
A. A. Sukhotskaya ◽  
V. G. Bairov ◽  
I. M. Kagantsov ◽  
N. A. Kokhreidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Laparoscopic Fenestration ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Neonatal ovarian cysts develop in case of hormonal imbalance in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Cystic transformation in the ovary may cause appendage torsion which leads to follicular necrosis and loss of ovarian reserve. Most often, torsion occurs in the utero, but in premature girls- due to the specific hormonal status - the risk of cyst growth and its torsion remains in the postnatal period. Currently, a unified approach to the surgical treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts is absent.Material and methods. In the department of pediatric surgery for malformations in the Perinatal Center of the Amazov National Medical Research Center, 34 girls with ovarian cysts were examined during 2012-2020; 9 of them (27%) were premature. In the presented observation, we faced an ovarian cyst in the fetus of 30 week gestation.Results. The cyst looked uncomplicated, but had the enormous size, so we discussed a possibility to perform an intrauterine puncture. However, due to severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and premature delivery, the intervention was not carried out. By the third week of life, torsion of the cystic-transformed ovary developed; necrosis and self-amputation of the right uterine appendage were revealed intraoperatively. By the age of three months, cystic transformation of the only ovary developed. Timely performed laparoscopic fenestration was organ-sparing. Further follow-up revealed preserved and normally growing single ovary what confirmed the right choice of surgical tactics.Conclusion. Dynamic ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is indicated to all premature girls, at least once every two weeks (in case of revealed ovarian cyst - weekly). We consider it reasonable to make the laparoscopic fenestration of uncomplicated cysts that have size of 3 cm and more. Newborn girls with ovarian cysts should be under the joint control of pediatrician and pediatric gynecologist for developing an individual follow-up plan.

scholarly journals Preoperative Differentiation Between Malignant and Benign Ovarian Masses in Patients with Normal CA-125 Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Ersoy ◽  
Aytekin Tokmak ◽  
Ali Ozgur Ersoy ◽  
Özlem Evliyaoğlu ◽  
Esma Sarıkaya
Keyword(s):  
Normal Serum ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Postmenopausal Status ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy Index ◽  
Solid Area

<p>OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the diagnostic values of some clinical and ultrasonographic features for predicting ovarian malignancies in patients with normal serum CA-125 levels.<br />STUDY DESIGN: All of the 84 patients who were diagnosed with ovarian malignancy and 168 patients with benign adnexal mass had normal CA-125 levels, and recruited as study and control groups, respectively. Individual characteristics, ultrasonographic features, and risk of malignancy index (RMI) values of the groups were compared retrospectively.<br />RESULTS: The ages, mean postmenopausal period of the postmenopausal women in the malignant group were significantly higher than the benign group. Nulliparity rates were similar between the two groups. The number of postmenopausal patients was significantly higher in the malignant group. Median cyst diameter and RMI values were significantly higher, and bilaterality and presence of solid area were more frequent in this group. Logistic regression model showed that ovarian cysts larger than 8 cm [Odds ratio (OR): 7.012; p&lt;0.001; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 3.463-14.198], presence of solid area within the cyst [OR: 7.43; p&lt;0.001; 95% CI: 3.799-14.532], and postmenopausal state [OR: 2.893; p=0.027; 95% CI: 1.129-7.412] were found to be significant factors to predict malignancy. <br />CONCLUSION: Ovarian cysts larger than 8 cm, presence of solid area within the cyst, and postmenopausal status are the most important risk factors for ovarian malignancies in these patients with normal CA-125 levels.</p>

scholarly journals Laparoscopic management of giant ovarian cyst in young woman: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Gothwal ◽  
Aasma Nalwa ◽  
Garima Yadav ◽  
Mahendra Lodha ◽  
Pratibha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Postoperative Analgesic Requirement

Giant ovarian cysts are very rare nowadays and were conventionally treated by full midline laparotomy. In recent years, the laparoscopic approach is also practiced but it needs a lot of expertise and only a few cases have been reported. As the surgical treatment of choice has become less invasive, laparoscopic surgery is considered more beneficial over laparotomy because of better cosmetic results, less blood loss, reduced postoperative analgesic requirement, early mobilization and faster discharge from the hospital and early resumption to normal day to day activity. We report a case of laparoscopic extirpation of a giant right ovarian cyst measuring 15 × 21 × 22 cm in young 24-year female.

scholarly journals Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A Retrospective 12-Year Bi-institutional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard H Wu ◽  
Fatimah Alruwaii ◽  
Bao-Rung Zeng ◽  
Harvey M Cramer ◽  
Chiung-Ru Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Salivary Gland Neoplasm ◽  
Uncertain Malignant Potential ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Predictive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Undetermined Significance

Abstract Objectives Multi-institutional studies are required for the validation of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC). Methods A total of 1,560 fine-needle aspirations of the salivary glands were retrieved from two institutions for a 12-year period. The diagnoses were reclassified based on the MSRSGC. Risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category was calculated based on 694 histologic follow-up cases. Results The ROM for each category was: 18.3% for nondiagnostic, 8.9% for nonneoplastic, 37.5% for atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 2.9% for benign neoplasm, 40.7% for salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP), 100% for suspicious for malignancy, and 98.3% for malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive rate, and negative predictive rates were 89%, 99%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the current study are in keeping with the MSRSGC. The indeterminate categories of AUS and SUMP showed intermediate ROMs at 37.5% and 40.7%, respectively.

Follow-up of small, postmenopausal ovarian cysts using vaginal ultrasound and CA-125 antigen

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Auslender ◽  
I. Atlas ◽  
A. Lissak ◽  
J. Bornstein ◽  
J. Atad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Vaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Ca 125 Antigen

Bilateral complicated ovarian cysts of the fetus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Mashinets, V.N. Demidov
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Ovarian Cysts

Case report of prenatal diagnosis of bilateral complicated ovarian cysts of the fetus at 34 weeks of pregnancy is presented. The particularity of this case is that one ovarian cyst in the fetus was complicated by intrauterine torsion, which required surgical treatment after birth. In the cavity of the second cyst, hemorrhage occurred with spontaneous regression, which did not require surgical intervention.

Improved specificity of the CA 125 enzyme immunoassay for ovarian carcinomas by use of the ratio of CA 125 to carcinoembryonic antigen.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Wu ◽  
T Miya ◽  
J A Knight ◽  
D P Knight
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyst Fluids

Abstract We found that ovarian cyst fluids contained carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 and CA 125 tumor markers. However, only the ratio of CA 125 to CEA concentrations provided sufficient specificity to differentiate serous from mucinous cysts. For CEA measurement, our results suggested the use of a monoclonal CEA kit. When CEA was determined with a Hybritech monoclonal CEA kit, all ratios in mucinous ovarian cysts were less than 10 and most of the ratios were greater than 1000 in serous ovarian cysts. We also found that the ratio of CA 125 to CEA in serum could be used to differentiate ovarian from nonovarian malignant diseases when both sera contain increased CA 125 concentrations. The nonovarian malignancies consisted of colorectal, breast, lung, and pancreatic carcinomas. The mean ratio for serum from patients with nonovarian cancers was 0.94 (n = 19); for ovarian-cancer patients (n = 45), 916. Therefore, determining this ratio will greatly improve the specificity of the CA 125 test for ovarian cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document