scholarly journals Three-phase Quaternion Power in Three-wire Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
André S. F. Komeno ◽  
◽  
Anésio L. F. Filho ◽  
Joao Y. Ishihara ◽  
Victor P. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Quaternion Algebra ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Instantaneous Power ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Complex Power ◽  
Unbalanced Load ◽  
Unbalanced Loads

Instantaneous power theory has a central role in power systems analysis. Among mathematical settings used for the development of this theory, quaternion algebra has been used for describing electrical variables in recent works. In this context, this paper aims to describe three-phase power in a quaternion framework. We analyze quaternion power for balanced and unbalanced delta loads, comparing the expressions obtained to the usual expressions of complex power. The quaternion power expression obtained also makes it natural to introduce a decomposition of the unbalanced load in terms of a balanced component and an unbalanced load with null average power. It is also shown that delta unbalanced loads are equivalent to time-varying balanced loads. The results obtained extend the power systems theory in the quaternion domain and emphasize the advantages of using this framework.

Achieving Multiple Functions of Three-Phase Electric Springs in Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Systems Using the Instantaneous Power Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 5784-5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Ming-Hao Wang ◽  
Tian-Bo Yang ◽  
Siew-Chong Tan ◽  
Balarko Chaudhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Theory ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Instantaneous Power ◽  
Three Phase

scholarly journals Adaptive Linear Neural Network Approach for Three-Phase Four-Wire Active Power Filtering under Non-Ideal Grid and Unbalanced Load Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yap Hoon ◽  
Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi ◽  
Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili
Keyword(s):  
Active Power ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Shunt Active Power Filter ◽  
Selective Filter ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Unbalanced Load ◽  
Linear Neural Network ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unbalanced Loads ◽  
Wire System

This paper presents the enhancements performed on the adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE) technique so that it can be applied for active power filtering purposes in a three-phase four-wire system. In the context of active power filtering, the ADALINE technique which was initially developed for a single-phase two-wire system has been further expanded to suit three-phase three-wire system. For both systems, ADALINE techniques have been reported to be effective even when the grid voltage is distorted and/or unbalanced. However, further works that study the possibility to apply ADALINE technique in a three-phase four-wire system which invariably carries unbalanced loads, are rather limited. Hence, in this work, a control algorithm (named as enhanced-ADALINE) which combines the strength of highly selective filter (HSF), ADALINE concept and averaging function is proposed, to manage harmonics mitigation by shunt active power filter (SAPF) under non-ideal grid and unbalanced load scenarios. MATLAB-Simulink software is utilized to conduct an exhaustive simulation study which includes circuit connection of SAPF in a three-phase four-wire system, design of control algorithms, and performance assessments. Benchmarking with the existing algorithm is performed to examine the benefits of using the proposed algorithm. From the analysis, simulation findings are presented and thoroughly discussed to verify design concept, capability, and relevance of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Study of the Sustainability of Electrical Power Systems: Analysis of the Causes that Generate Reactive Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Graña-López ◽  
A. García-Diez ◽  
A. Filgueira-Vizoso ◽  
J. Chouza-Gestoso ◽  
A. Masdías-Bonome
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
Phase Systems

Reactive power is an important parameter in electrical power systems since it affects the efficiency of the system because it is not useful energy. It decreases the power factor of the system and limits the ability of generators to deliver useful power. It is therefore necessary to understand and correctly measure the phenomenon of reactive energy in three-phase systems. In this paper, we analyze reactive power in linear and unbalanced three-phase systems using the Unified Theory of Electrical Power and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 1459-2010 (IEEE Std. 1459-2010) to obtain expressions for reactive power in balanced and unbalanced systems and noting that there are terms that exist only for unbalanced systems. Analysis of the measurements carried out led us to identify the existence of two components of reactive power—that due to reactive elements, and that caused by unbalances in the system. Knowing the causes that generate reactive power, it is possible to act more effectively on the problem and therefore achieve a more sustainable generation of electric power and a lower environmental impact.

scholarly journals Unbalanced and Reactive Currents Compensation in Three-Phase Four-Wire Sinusoidal Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Montoya-Mira ◽  
Pedro A. Blasco ◽  
José M. Diez ◽  
Rafael Montoya ◽  
Miguel J. Reig
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Positive Sequence ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
System A ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Zero Sequence ◽  
Unbalanced Loads ◽  
Wire System

In an unbalanced linear three-phase electrical system, there are inefficient powers that increase the apparent power supplied by the network, line losses, machine malfunctions, etc. These inefficiencies are mainly due to the use of unbalanced loads. Unlike a three-wire unbalanced system, a four-wire system has zero sequence currents that circulate through the neutral wire and can be compensated by means of compensation equipment, which prevents it from being delivered by the network. To design a compensator that works with unbalanced voltages, it is necessary to consider the interactions between it and the other compensators used to compensate for negative-sequence currents and positive-sequence reactive currents. In this paper, through passive compensation, a new method is proposed to develop the zero sequence current compensation equipment. The method does not require iteration algorithms and is valid for unbalanced voltages. In addition, the interactions between all compensators are analyzed, and the necessary modifications in the calculations are proposed to obtain a total compensation. To facilitate the application of the method and demonstrate its validity, a case study is developed from a three-phase linear four-wire system with unbalanced voltages and loads. The results obtained are compared with other compensation methods that also use passive elements.

scholarly journals A Dynamic and Heuristic Phase Balancing Method for LV Feeders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samad Taghipour Boroujeni ◽  
Mohammad Mardaneh ◽  
Zhale Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Combinatorial Problem ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Unbalanced Load ◽  
Remote Controller ◽  
Balancing Control

Due to the single-phase loads and their stochastic behavior, the current in the distribution feeders is not balanced. In addition, the single-phase loads are located in different positions along the LV feeders. So the amount of the unbalanced load and its location affect the feeder losses. An unbalanced load causes the feeder losses and the voltage drop. Because of time-varying behavior of the single-phase loads, phase balancing is a dynamic and combinatorial problem. In this research, a heuristic and dynamic solution for the phase balancing of the LV feeders is proposed. In this method, it is supposed that the loads’ tie could be connected to all phases through a three-phase switch. The aim of the proposed method is to make the feeder conditions as balanced as possible. The amount and the location of single-phase loads are considered in the proposed phase balancing method. Since the proposed method needs no communication interface or no remote controller, it is inexpensive, simple, practical, and robust. Applying this method provides a distributed and dynamic phase balancing control. In addition, the feasibility of reducing the used switches is investigated. The ability of the proposed method in the phase balancing of the LV feeders is approved by carrying out some simulations.

Reactive Power Compensation for Unbalanced Fluctuating Loads by Using Two-Dimensional Instantaneous Space Vector Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 1444-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Jui Wu ◽  
Yu Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Current Compensation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Instantaneous Current ◽  
Unbalanced Load ◽  
Space Vectors ◽  
Unbalanced Loads ◽  
Vector Approach

To improve the power quality and efficiency on feeding unbalanced loads, this paper proposes a scheme of instantaneous current compensation that can modify the power factor and balance the three-phase currents simultaneously. The method of instantaneous space vectors can compensate the reactive power effectively, but the problems of unbalanced load currents remains. This paper suggests a method that can mitigate the unbalanced load currents by setting the active power as a constant for each cycle. Field measurement data were analyzed. Simulation results confirmed the feasibility of correcting the power factor and balancing load currents simultaneously using the proposed method.

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