communication interface
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2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739
Author(s):  
Adam Orlický ◽  
Alina Mashko ◽  
Josef Mík

The paper deals with the problem of a communication interface between autonomous vehicles (AV) and pedestrians. The introduced methodology for assessing new and existing e-HMI (external HMI) contributes to traffic safety in cities. The methodology is implemented in a pilot experiment with a scenario designed in virtual reality (VR). The simulated scene represents an urban zebra crossing with an approaching autonomous vehicle. The projection is implemented with the help of a head-up display – a headset with a built-in eye tracker. The suggested methodology analyses the pedestrian’s decision making based on the visual cues – the signals displayed on the autonomous vehicle. Furthermore, the decision making is correlated to subjects’ eye behaviour, based on gaze-direction data. The method presented in this paper contributes to the safety of a vehicle-pedestrian communication of autonomous vehicles and is a part of a research that shall further contribute to the design and assessment of external communication interfaces of AV in general.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7917
Author(s):  
Zheng Zuo ◽  
Shichun Yang ◽  
Bin Ma ◽  
Bosong Zou ◽  
Yaoguang Cao ◽  
...  

In recent years, Ethernet has been introduced into vehicular networks to cope with the increasing demand for bandwidth and complexity in communication networks. To exchange data between controller area network (CAN) and Ethernet, a gateway system is required to provide a communication interface. Additionally, the existence of networked devices exposes automobiles to cyber security threats. Against this background, a gateway for CAN/CAN with flexible data-rate (CANFD) to scalable service-oriented middleware over IP (SOME/IP) protocol conversion is designed, and security schemes are implemented in the routing process to provide integrity and confidentiality protections. Based on NXP-S32G, the designed gateway is implemented and evaluated. Under most operating conditions, the CPU and the RAM usage are less than 5% and 20 MB, respectively. Devices running a Linux operating system can easily bear such a system resource overhead. The latency caused by the security scheme accounts for about 25% of the entire protocol conversion latency. Considering the security protection provided by the security scheme, this overhead is worthwhile. The results show that the designed gateway can ensure a CAN/CANFD to SOME/IP protocol conversion with a low system resource overhead and a low latency while effectively resisting hacker attacks such as frame forgery, tampering, and sniffing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. D. Kanmani Ruby ◽  
M. Umadevi ◽  
C. Kanmani Pappa ◽  
W. Edwin Santhkumar ◽  
V. Janani ◽  
...  

This paper aims to build a smart lighting system with applications such as remote for controlling power supply and optimizing heat management in the metal body of the semiconductor diode and with a printed circuit board for agriculture. The semiconductor diode strips with multiple colors are lined up and configured as a LED lamp with proper casing and heat sink. It has a driver circuit with required power regulation that is able to control the intensity of light for photosynthesis and plant growth requirements. The system uses hydroponics to plant the water, thus decreasing the usage of fertilizers. The entire system is controlled remotely using necessary communication interface application.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
Ia V Burylin

Abstract The article proposes a method for organizing the communication interface of an unmanned vessel and its operator. The interface contains manual controls for the course and speed of the vessel by regulating the angle of the rudder blade shift and the speed of rotation of the propeller shaft, an automatic system for keeping the vessel on a given trajectory for the purpose of navigating the vessel in automatic and manual modes. The interface comprises a system for obtaining filtration, storing the required kinematic and navigation data for identifying mathematical models of the vessel’s movement and the functioning of the autopilot. The interface allows adjusting the PID controller for automatic guidance of the vessel along the trajectory in real time to optimize automatic control, to correct the readings of the GPS and the Earth’s magnetic field sensors, to calibrate the Earth’s magnetic field sensor. The interface includes graphic and digital fields for displaying kinematic and navigation data on the vessel, autopilot and information on the operation of the operator-vessel complex. The interface allows the exchange of data between the operator and the vessel by means of a data transfer protocol via TCP-IP stack protocols on the radio frequencies of public Wi-Fi networks. The interface is created by means of appdesigner tools on the MATLAB platform.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhonghao Li ◽  
Da Wang ◽  
Qiao Kang

This paper is mainly based on the college formula race car, through the application of CAN bus communication interface settings, the layout and adjustment of the car sensors, and then carry out the data collection and analysis of the car. CAN bus is the local area network of controller and is one of the field bus which is put forward by German Bosch company and applied most widely in the world. The development of the data analysis system is mainly based on the MoTeC i2 data analysis software. MoTeC i2 data analysis software has been developed for many years under the continuous research of professional teams all over the world. According to the data analysis requirement of FSAE undergraduate Formula 1 teams, this paper introduces a series of data analysis methods closely related to FSAE, mainly including data channel research. This paper expounds the reliability, suspension, tire temperature, steering, and braking data analysis, respectively. Based on the data analysis template created by Motec i2, this paper conducts analysis and basic application according to the data of the real car, so as to meet the requirements of verifying design made by simulation model and tuning the real car scientifically. By means of wheel speed sensor, acceleration sensor, displacement sensor, multichannel temperature sensor, and so on, we conduct a series of tests on 2020 season car, including endurance test, linear acceleration experiment, steady rotation, etc., evaluate the data collected, and then carry on a reasonable set-up of racing, ultimately improving lap speed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Mattia Rossi ◽  
Nicola Toscani ◽  
Marco Mauri ◽  
Francesco Castelli Dezza

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Manfredini ◽  
Andrea Ria ◽  
Paolo Bruschi ◽  
Luca Gerevini ◽  
Michele Vitelli ◽  
...  

To better asses the ageing and to reduce the hazards involved in the use of Lithium-Ion Batteries, multi-measurand monitoring units and strategies are urged. In this paper, a Cell Management Unit, based on the SENSIPLUS chip, a recently introduced multichannel, multi-mode sensor interface, is described. SENSIPLUS is a single System on a Chip combined with a reduced number of external components, resulting in a highly miniaturized device, built on 20 × 8 mm2 printed circuit board. Thanks to SENSIPLUS’ versatility, the proposed system is capable of performing direct measurements (EIS, cell voltage) on the cell it is applied to, and reading different kinds of sensors. The SENSIPLUS versatile digital communication interface, combined with a digital isolator, enable connection of several devices to a single bus for parallel monitoring a large number of cells connected in series. Experiments performed by connecting the proposed system to a commercial Lithium-Ion Battery and to capacitive and resistive sensors are described. In particular, the capability of measuring the cell internal impedance with a resolution of 120 μΩ is demonstrated.


Author(s):  
Gurunath Reddy ◽  
Sharvani G. S.

Secure element is a microprocessor chip that provides a secure environment to store the data, execute the applications and communicate the data to external entities securely. As secure element provides a promising security feature, it is used in various domains like IOT, automobile and mobile phones. Nowadays, the size of the security key and size of the data to be processed are increasing whereas the processing time of the secure element is expected to reduce. As the data size increases, the time to communicate the data between secure element and host increases. Host and secure element are connected via SPI over ISO IEC 7816-4 (T1) communication interface. In this paper, we evaluate the throughput of SPI over ISO IEC 7816-4 (T1) interface which is widely used in smart card domains. Throughput of the interface is evaluated by examining the time spent at communication interface for varying data size. We focus on understanding the parameters that affect the throughput of the SPI over T1 interface.


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