Coordinated Control of Voltage Balancers for the Regulation of Unbalanced Voltage in a Multi-Node Bipolar DC Distribution Network

In a bipolar DC distribution network, the unbalanced load resistance, line resistance and renewable energy source will cause an unbalanced current for each node of the neutral line and lead to its unbalanced voltage. This is a unique power quality problem of bipolar DC distribution networks, which will increase the power loss in the network and lead to overcurrent protection of the neutral line in serious cases. A voltage balancer can be adopted to suppress the unbalanced voltage and current. However, the existing literature does not consider the consistent application of multiple voltage balancers in a multi-node bipolar DC distribution network. This paper creatively proposes a consensus control topology combining primary control and secondary control in a radial multi-node bipolar DC distribution network with voltage balancers. In this paper, the formulas for the positive and negative current and duty cycle of a bipolar DC distribution network with voltage balancers are derived, and improved voltage balancer modeling based on a consensus algorithm is built. The radial multi-node bipolar DC distribution network is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results compare the consensus control with the traditional droop control and verify the effectiveness of the new control structure with voltage balancers.

Enhanced controller for a four-leg inverter operating in a stand-alone microgrid with unbalanced loads

<span lang="EN-US">Stand-alone low voltage (LV) microgrids supplying small local loads far from the utility grid are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to a total reliance on the centralized utility grid. In most of LV microgrids, three-phase four-wire distribution systems are used to supply both single- and three-phase loads. Unequal distribution of loads can result in voltage unbalance problems. The use of the four-leg inverter is one of the best solutions for providing a neutral current path and compensating unbalanced load conditions in stand-alone LV microgrids. This paper proposes a fast control technique to compensate unbalanced voltage conditions for a four-leg inverter operating in a stand-alone LV microgrid. The suggested technique provides the current controller’s orthogonal component without introducing any additional dynamics or distortions. The major benefits of the recommended per-phase control technique over conventional orthogonal signal generation (OSG) methods are enhanced steady-state and dynamic performances as well as independency to the system parameters. Several simulation results are provided to confirm the superior performance of the suggested methods.</span>

Joint Load Balancing and Offloading Optimization in Multiple Parked Vehicle-Assisted Edge Computing

The introduction of mobile edge computing (MEC) in vehicular network has been a promising paradigm to improve vehicular services by offloading computation-intensive tasks to the MEC server. To avoid the overload phenomenon in MEC server, the vast idle resources of parked vehicles can be utilized to effectively relieve the computational burden on the server. Furthermore, unbalanced load allocation may cause larger latency and energy consumption. To solve the problem, the reported works preferred to allocate workload between MEC server and single parked vehicle. In this paper, a multiple parked vehicle-assisted edge computing (MPVEC) paradigm is first introduced. A joint load balancing and offloading optimization problem is formulated to minimize the system cost under delay constraint. In order to accomplish the offloading tasks, a multiple offloading node selection algorithm is proposed to select several appropriate PVs to collaborate with the MEC server in computing tasks. Furthermore, a workload allocation strategy based on dynamic game is presented to optimize the system performance with jointly considering the workload balance among computing nodes. Numerical results indicate that the offloading strategy in MPVEC scheme can significantly reduce the system cost and load balancing of the system can be achieved.

Research on Optimal Scheduling in Cloud Computing

Aiming at the problem of unbalanced load and slow convergence speed of task scheduling based on ant colony algorithm, an improved task scheduling optimization algorithm is proposed. The pheromone update rules of ant colony algorithm are optimized by giving weight to speed up the solution speed. The comprehensive performance of the algorithm is optimized by dynamically updating the volatilization coefficient, and in the updating process of local pheromone. The load weight coefficient of virtual machine is introduced to ensure the load balance of virtual machine. The experimental results show that the task scheduling strategy of the improved algorithm can not only ensure the reasonable allocation of tasks, but also improve the convergence speed and shorten the total execution time.

Design and simulation of a high-power double-output isolated Cuk converter

Among the transformer-less DC-DC converters, the superiority of the conventional Cuk converter is obvious in its good properties. However, the output power is limited for all transformer-less converter types including the conventional Cuk converter. In order to get more supplied power from this converter, some changes in its design were necessary. One of these modifications is to add a transformer to transfer more power and to separate the output side from the input side. Supply of some applications such as the DC link of modular multilevel inverters, e. g. cascaded H-bridge (CHB) topologies required more than one output. Hence, this paper is concerned with the design, analysis and simulation of an isolated dual-output modified Cuk converter. The proposed converter is designed to deliver a total output power of 2,000 W using only one modulating switch. A complete design and detailed analysis of the high-frequency transformer with the ANSYS Maxwell platform is presented in this paper. The modeling and simulation results of the high-frequency transformer are validated by the experimental implementation results and good agreement was obtained with a small percentage of errors less than 4 %. A set of analytical equations has been derived and presented in this paper to represent a mathematical model of the converter. In addition, the entire converter circuit was simulated and analyzed with MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results were checked and compared to the findings of the mathematical model, yielding an excellent match with a percentage error of less than 2.15 %. Finally, when the presented converter was tested under various loads, including unbalanced load situations, a reasonable output voltage regulation was achieved, with the two output voltages being nearly identical with a deviation of less than 0.25 % under a severe unbalanced load condition of 150 %

Comparative power quality analysis of Conventional and Proposed enhance SRF SOGI-FLL control based DSTATCOM

This paper expresses about comparative power quality analysis in between conventional and proposed control techniques of DSTATCOM under different loading conditions. The goal of DSTATCOM is to reduce power quality problems, that occur due to an unbalanced load, non-linear load, power electronics based load and polluted grid. The performances of DSTATCOM are different in the different control techniques. Three conventional and one proposed control techniques have been employed in the DSTATCOM. Synchronous reference frame (SRF), Sliding mode control (SMC) and ADALINE based LMS control are the conventional techniques while enhanced SRF SOGI-FLL is the proposed technique. The control techniques of DSTATCOM have been compared in terms of load balancing, power factor enhancement, DC link voltage regulation and minimization of harmonics. These control techniques extract reference current for the PWM which generates switching pulses for the DSTATCOM. The complete H-bridge DSTATCOM system along with these control techniques have been implemented in MATLAB /Simulink platform and after execution, superior power quality features of proposed control technique has been investigated.

Analysis of Rail Corrugation Characteristics on High-Speed Rail Based on Transient Finite Element Method

By using the transient finite element method, a three-dimensional wheelset-track coupled rolling contact model for high-speed rail is established, and the rationality and effectiveness of the model are verified by field measurements. Next, the wheel-rail contact stress states and relative slip characteristics are calculated and analyzed to reveal the cause of inner rail corrugation. Then, the vertical vibration acceleration of the rail/wheel is taken as the output variable to study the dynamic responses of the wheelset-track system. Finally, the parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results show that the maximum normal/tangential contact stress between the inner wheel and inner rail is greater than that between outer wheel and outer rail due to the unbalanced load of inner rail caused by the excess superelevation of track structure, which indicates that the unbalanced load of the inner rail may aggravate the development of rail wear, and the rationality of the model established in this paper is verified. The wheel-rail relative slip region on the inner rail side appears periodically, and the distance between the two adjacent slip regions is close to the characteristic wavelength of the measured inner rail corrugation, which illustrates that the periodic variation of slip regions on the inner rail surface plays an important role in the formation of rail corrugation, and the validity of the model is verified. The periodic distribution of wheel-rail relative slip regions on the outer rail surface is not obvious, demonstrating that the outer rail tends to form uniform wear, which is consistent with the fact that the outer rail corrugation is slight in the measured section. The wheelset-track system has been in the process of unstable continuous oscillation in the analysis interval, combined with the analysis results of the wheel-rail relative slip characteristics, it can be concluded that the unstable self-excited vibration of wheelset-track system under the condition of tangential contact force reaching saturation is the main cause of rail corrugation. The dominant characteristic frequencies of vertical vibration accelerations of rail and wheel are all 561 Hz, the corresponding characteristic wavelength (148 mm) is close to the distance (150 mm) between the calculated adjacent slip regions, and is also close to the characteristic wavelengths (125 mm and 160 mm) of inner rail corrugation, which shows that the resonance phenomenon occurs in the wheelset-track system at the above frequency, thus leading to the increase of dynamic responses of wheelset-track system. The fastener vertical stiffness and wheel-rail coefficient of friction have significant effect on the development of rail corrugation, and the running speed determines the occurrence probability of inner/outer rail corrugation by affecting the track superelevation state.