scholarly journals The National Population Health Survey’s assessment of depression risk factor associations: a simulation study assessing vulnerability to bias

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
S.B. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
National Population ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Substantial Bias ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background In Canada, the major source of longitudinal information on major depression epidemiology has been the National Population Health Survey (NPHS). However, the timing of NPHS interviews may raise concerns about the quality of its estimates. Specifically, the NPHS interview assesses major depressive episodes (MDE) in the year before an interview, whereas the interviews are conducted 2 years apart. The objective of this study was to determine whether this aspect of the NPHS can be expected to introduce bias into longitudinal estimates of risk factor associations. Methods A simulation model was used to represent the underlying epidemiology and the expected results of a study adopting the NPHS approach to assessment of MDE. The model was used to explore the extent of the resulting distortion of estimates across a range of underlying hazard ratios. Results The simulations indicated that the timing and coverage of depression interviews in the NPHS would not introduce substantial bias. The model suggested that incidence would be underestimated as a result of episodes being missed, but that this would not substantially distort estimates of association. Conclusion The timing of interviews in the NPHS is not expected to cause biased relative risk estimates. NPHS estimates may, of course, be influenced by other sources of bias.

Work stress as a risk factor for major depressive episode(s)

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANLI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background. Major depression is a prevalent mental disorder in the general population, with a multi-factorial etiology. However, work stress as a risk factor for major depression has not been well studied.Method. Using a longitudinal study design, this analysis investigated the association between the levels of work stress and major depressive episode(s) in the Canadian working population, aged 18 to 64 years. Data from the longitudinal cohort of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were used (n=6663). The NPHS participants who did not have major depressive episodes (MDE) at baseline (1994–1995 NPHS) were classified into four groups by the quartile values of the baseline work stress scores. The proportion of MDE of each group was calculated using the 1996–1997 NPHS data.Results. The first three quartile groups had a similar risk of MDE. Those who had a work stress score above the 75th percentile had an elevated risk of MDE (7·1%). Using the 75th percentile as a cut-off, work stress was significantly associated with the risk of MDE in multivariate analysis (odds ratio=2·35, 95% confidence interval 1·54–3·77). Other factors associated with MDE in multivariate analysis included educational level, number of chronic medical illnesses and child and adulthood traumatic events. There was no evidence of effect modification between work stress and selected sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables.Conclusions. Work stress is an independent risk factor for the development of MDE in the working population. Strategies to improve working environment are needed to keep workers mentally healthy and productive.

scholarly journals Global and reflective rumination are related to suicide attempts among patients experiencing major depressive episodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Tang ◽  
Tingting Xiong ◽  
Jiabo Shi ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Episode Frequency ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Recent attention has focused on the role of rumination in suicidality, with evidence indicating that rumination may be positively related to suicidal ideation. There remains disagreement on the nature of the relationship between rumination and suicide attempts, especially in major affective disorders. This study was designed to identify whether rumination is a risk factor for attempted suicide. Methods A total of 309 patients with major depressive episodes were recruited for this study, including 170 patients with major depression and 139 patients with bipolar disorder. All participants were categorized into two groups based on a series of clinical assessments: suicide attempters (n = 87) and non-suicide attempters (n = 222). Rumination was evaluated with the Ruminative Responses Scale. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the relationship between rumination and suicide attempts. Results Both global ruminative levels and the two subtypes of rumination, brooding and reflection, were significantly higher in the suicide attempters than the non-suicide attempters. After controlling for age, current depression and anxiety symptoms, and episode frequency, it was found that global rumination and reflection (but not brooding) were positively associated with suicide attempts. Conclusion These results suggest that rumination may be a risk factor for suicide attempts and highlight the maladaptive nature of reflection in patients with major depressive episodes.

Suspiciousness as a specific risk factor for major depressive episodes in schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Messias ◽  
Brian Kirkpatrick ◽  
Ranganathan Ram ◽  
Allen Y Tien
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Specific Risk Factor ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Personality in Recovered Depressed Elderly

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lon S. Schneider ◽  
Mary F. Zemansky ◽  
Michael Bender ◽  
R. Bruce Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Risk Factor For Recurrence ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

Personality traits in euthymic elderly subjects with and without past histories of major depressive episodes were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Social Adjustment Scale-SR. Recovered depressed subjects were characterized by significantly more personality traits from DSM-III-R Clusters B and C than controls, and they exhibited differences in social adjustment, as well. Subjects who have recovered from depressive episodes may show significant diferences in personality and social adjustment that might represent residua of past depression, a trait characteristic, or a risk factor for recurrence.

scholarly journals Major Depressive Episodes and Work Stress: Results From a National Population Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 2088-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Robertson Blackmore ◽  
Stephen A. Stansfeld ◽  
Iris Weller ◽  
Sarah Munce ◽  
Brandon M. Zagorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
National Population ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes
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