Social adjustment and self- esteem among a sample of visitors and non- visitors to the psychological clinic after being exposed to psychological trauma (Sexual harassment as an example): التوافق الاجتماعي وتقدير الذات لدى المراجعين وغير المراجعين للعيادة النفسية بعد التعرض للصدمة النفسية (التحرش الجنسي نموذجاً)

The study aims to investigate the differences between visitors and non- visitors to the psychological clinic after being exposed to psychological trauma (sexual harassment as an example) in Social adjustment and self- esteem, as well as to discover the relationship between study variables among a purposive sample consisted of 54 participants (17=visitors, 37=non- visitors), 31.4% were males. To achieve the study aims two scales were used: Social Adjustment scale by "Sura, E. M." (1986), and Self- esteem scale by "Rosenberg, M." (1965). Results revealed that there were significant differences between visitors and non- visitors to psychological clinic after being traumatized in social adjustment and self- esteem. In addition, the results showed significant correlation between social adjustment and self- esteem among the total sample, visitors and non- visitors of the psychological clinic. The full text of the study includes details of the results and discussion, as well as some of recommendations made by the researchers.

Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS): psychometric characteristics of a Spanish adaptation in a clinical population

Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is an instrument that can be easily applied for routine evaluation of the impact of mental disorders on patient functioning. In spite of the interest in its use, there is very little information available on its psychometric characteristics and even less in Spanish. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyse its psychometric characteristics. Method: The sample consisted of 441 patients treated in a community mental health unit. They filled out the WSAS and two psychopathology measures, one for anxiety and the other for depression. Fifty-five of them, chosen at random, were asked to fill out the scale again a second time to explore its temporal reliability. Results: The scale showed high internal consistency, a single factor that explained 60.4% of the variance, and temporal reliability of .78 for the total score. Significant correlations were found between the WSAS scores and the psychopathological measures, as well as significant differences between those working and those on leave. Conclusions: The results confirm the validity and reliability of the scale and support its possible use for routine evaluation of the functional impact of mental disorders.

Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 for Medical Students: Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Measure for the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties and validity of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6) among medical students who are at high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. A total of 212 medical students participated in the online anonymous survey that used SAVE-6, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items (GAD-7), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). We observed that the single-factor structure model of the SAVE-6 scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.756) and a good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.320, p < 0.001), CAS (rho = 0.229, p < 0.001), and WSAS (rho = 0.278, p < 0.001). The appropriate cut-off score of the SAVE-6 scale was determined as 15 points in accordance with at least a mild degree of generalized anxiety (GAD-7 score of 5) among medical students. In conclusion, the SAVE-6 scale can be applied to medical students as a reliable and valid rating scale to assess anxiety response to the present viral pandemic.

Major depression, temperament, and social support as psychosocial mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of parenting styles

In this three-generation longitudinal study of familial depression, we investigated the continuity of parenting styles, and major depressive disorder (MDD), temperament, and social support during childrearing as potential mechanisms. Each generation independently completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), measuring individuals’ experiences of care and overprotection received from parents during childhood. MDD was assessed prospectively, up to 38 years, using the semi-structured Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Social support and temperament were assessed using the Social Adjustment Scale – Self-Report (SAS-SR) and Dimensions of Temperament Scales – Revised, respectively. We first assessed transmission of parenting styles in the generation 1 to generation 2 cycle (G1→G2), including 133 G1 and their 229 G2 children (367 pairs), and found continuity of both care and overprotection. G1 MDD accounted for the association between G1→G2 experiences of care, and G1 social support and temperament moderated the transmission of overprotection. The findings were largely similar when examining these psychosocial mechanisms in 111 G2 and their spouses (G2+S) and their 136 children (G3) (a total of 223 pairs). Finally, in a subsample of families with three successive generations (G1→G2→G3), G2 experiences of overprotection accounted for the association between G1→G3 experiences of overprotection. The results of this study highlight the roles of MDD, temperament, and social support in the intergenerational continuity of parenting, which should be considered in interventions to “break the cycle” of poor parenting practices across generations.

Emotional Regulation, Decision Making, Self-Determination and Social Adjustment Among Asthma Patients. A Demographical Study

Emotional regulation, decision making, self-determination and social-adjustment psychologically-based responses that assist an organism meet challenges and chances, and involve changes in individual experience, behavior, feeling and physiology. The present study was designed to highlight living place difference, marital difference and socioeconomic difference among asthma patients on emotional regulation, decision making, selfdetermination and social-adjustment. For this purpose, data of N= 1000 asthma patients (male n= 500, female n= 500) was taken from different government, private, and semi government hospitals of Punjab Pakistan through purposive sampling. The information was obtained by Urdu version emotional regulation scale (Gratz& Roemer, 2004),decision making scale (Darden & Hall, 1996), self-determination scale (Wehmeyer, 1995) and social adjustment scale (Weissmanz & Bothwell, 1976). After the collection of data, t-test was used to analyze the data. The findings approximately supported the hypotheses. The results particularized that significant difference (**p<.01, ***p<.01) between emotional regulation, decision making, self-determination and social-adjustment in the terms of living place ((rural or urban) and also significant difference (**p<.01, ***p<.01) between emotional regulation, decision making, self-determination and social-adjustment in the term of marital status (married or unmarried) among asthma patients. Furthermore, attained significant difference (**p<.01, ***p<.01) between fourth constructs in the terms of socio economic difference (upper class or poor class) among asthma patients

Application of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) to Measure Anxiety in Cancer Patient in Response to COVID-19

This study investigated the usefulness of the six-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE-6) scale and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) as tools to assess anxiety related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in cancer patients. A total of 221 patients with cancer responded to an anonymous online questionnaire between 15 July and 15 August 2020. The functional impairment of the patients was assessed using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the SAVE-6 and CAS were also applied. Among these 221 cancer patients, 110 (49.8%) had SAVE-6 scores ≥ 15 and 21 (9.5%) had CAS scores ≥ 5. Within the study population, 104 (47.1%) and 29 (13.1%) patients had WSAS scores ≥ 11 (moderate to severe functional impairment) and ≥ 21 (severe functional impairment), respectively. The correlations between the SAVE-6 and WSAS (p &lt; 0.001) and CAS (p &lt; 0.001) scores were statistically significant. The cut-off for the SAVE-6 was 15 points, while that for the WSAS was 11. Our results suggested that the SAVE-6 and CAS could be used to evaluate moderate and severe degrees of functional impairment related to mental health, respectively, in cancer patients during viral epidemics.

The level of psychological and docial adjustment among a sample of persons with learning disabilities in Asir Region in light of some variables

<p>This study aimed at investigating the level of psychological and social adjustment in relation to the grade and type of learning disability among persons with learning disabilities in the Asir region. The study was applied to a sample of (350) students studying in schools in the Department of Education in Asir. The sample responded to the psychological and social adjustment scale developed as a tool of the study. The results showed that the level of psychological and social adjustment came with a medium degree, as well as the absence of statistically significant differences in the level of psychological and social adjustment students in the basic stage. In light of the results, the researcher recommended preparing awareness programs for teachers of learning disabilities to identify the various indicators that accompany the phenomenon of psychological and social adjustment for persons with learning disabilities. The study also recommends conducting more studies on psychological and social adjustment and its relationship to other variables, such as emotional intelligence.</p>

Involvement of Fathers in Parenting as a Predictor of Adolescents' Social Adaptation

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of father's involvement towards social adjustment in adolescent. This study uses quantitative approaches with the type of survey research. The population of this study are 437 students of 7th and 8th grade at MTs Negeri 1 Yogyakarta with 211 students as a sample which determined by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by using father’s involvement scale and social adjustment scale. Validity in the scale of this study used content validity carried out by expert. Reliability in the scale of this study used Alpha Cronbach reliability coefficient of 0,951 on the father’s involvement scale and 0,905 on the social adjustment scale. As for data analysis, descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis are used. The results of this study showed that father’s involvement has a significant contributed 27,1% towards social adjustment in adolescent (F = 77,672; p = 0,000 < α 0.05). As for the line of regression equation obtained is Y = 47,789 + 0,289X.

Application of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-6 (SAVE-6) and Coronavirus Anxiety scales (CAS) to measure cancer patient anxiety in response to the COVID-19

This study investigated the usefulness of the 6-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE-6) scale and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) as tools to assess anxiety related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in cancer patients. A total of 221 patients with cancer responded to an anonymous online questionnaire between July 15 and August 15, 2020. The functional impairment of the patients was assessed using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the SAVE-6 and CAS were also applied. Among these 221 cancer patients, 110 (49.8%) had SAVE-6 scores ≥15 and 21 (9.5%) had CAS scores ≥5. Within the study population, 104 (47.1%) and 29 (13.1%) patients had WSAS scores ≥11 (moderate to severe functional impairment) and ≥21 (severe functional impairment), respectively. The correlations between the SAVE-6 and WSAS (p &lt; 0.001) and CAS (p &lt; 0.001) scores were statistically significant. The cut-off for the SAVE-6 was 15 points, while that for the WSAS was 11. Our results suggested that the SAVE-6 and CAS could be used to evaluate moderate and severe degrees of functional impairment related to mental health, respectively, in cancer patients during viral epidemics.