scholarly journals Studi Toksisitas Akut dari Herbisida Senyawa Aktif Parakuat, Glifosat, dan Metsulfuron pada Cacing Tanah (Eisenia fetida)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pajar Hufaizah ◽  
Ramadhani Eka Putra ◽  
Ida Kinasih
Keyword(s):  

Cacing tanah memiliki peran yang penting di ekosistem terestrial sebagai dekomposer dan peka terhadap pengaruh lingkungan. Penggunaan herbisida sebagai sarana peningkatan produksi lahan pertanian kemungkinan memiliki dampak terhadap cacing tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan LC50 (15 hari) dari herbisida kelompok parakuat, glifosat, dan metsulfuron pada Eisenia fetida dan pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan berat cacing tanah. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga ratus cacing tanah dewasa (sudah terbentuk klitelum) dengan berat masing-masing antara 300-600 mg yang dibagi menjadi satu kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan untuk tiap kelompok jenis herbisida. Herbisida didedahkan ke dalam media tempat tinggal cacing sebanyak 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg/kg untuk parakuat; 0, 2500, 5000, 10000, 20000 mg/kg untuk glifosat; dan 0, 750, 1500, 3000, 6000 mg/kg untuk metsulfuron. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan empat kali pengulangan. Jumlah cacing tanah yang mati dicatat selama 14 hari pengamatan dan pada akhir pengamatan ditentukan nilai LC50 dari setiap herbisida. Nilai LC50 yang didapat pada kelompok parakuat, glifosat, dan metsulfuron adalah sebesar 951.93 ± 115.63 mg/kg, 5456.36 ± 514.62 mg/kg, dan 2599.96 ± 211.85 mg/kg. Berat cacing tanah didapatkan menurun seiringan dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi herbisida. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa herbisida dari kelompok senyawa aktif parakuat memiliki toksisitas paling tinggi, disusul oleh herbisida dari kelompok senyawa aktif metsulfuron dan glifosat.

Author(s):  
Trần Quốc Dung ◽  
Đặng Phước Hải

Lumbrokinase của giun quế (Perionyx excavatus) là một enzyme thủy phân fibrin. Trong nghiên cứu này, cDNA mã hóa gen lumbrokinase được khuếch đại với cặp mồi đặc hiệu được thiết kế dựa vào trình tự gen mã hóa lumbrokinase trên GenBank với mã số DQ234061. Đoạn cDNA có kích thước 726 bp được tạo dòng với vector pCR®2.1. Trình tự nucleotide của cDNA được so sánh với trình tự của gen lumbrokinase của các loài giun đất Eisenia fetida (mã số DQ234061), Lumbricus bimastus (mã số AY187629) và Lumbricus rubellus (mã số U25644) trên GenBank và có độ tương đồng lần lượt là 52,02%; 50,06% và 48,03%. Từ khóa: cDNA, lumbrokinase, giun quế (Perionyx excavatus).


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Peng QIAO ◽  
Yu-Hui QIAO ◽  
Jing ZHAO ◽  
Zhen-Jun SUN

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngitheni Winnie-Kate Nyoka ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks Voua Otomo

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by pesticide pollution resulting from extensive use of pesticides, and due to the lack of regulatory measures in the developing world, there is a need for affordable means to lessen environmental effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on the toxicity of imidacloprid to life-cycle parameters and biomarker responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. E. fetida was exposed to 10% biochar-amended and non-amended OECD artificial soils spiked with 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg imidacloprid/kg for 28 days. An LC50 of 2.7 mg/kg was only computed in the non-amended soil but not in the biochar-amended soil due to insignificant mortality. The EC50 calculated in the non-amended soil (0.92 mg/kg) for reproduction (fertility) was lower than the one computed in the biochar amended (0.98 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in toxicity in the biochar-amended substrate. Significant weight loss was observed at the two highest imidacloprid treatments in the non-amended soil and only at the highest treatment in the biochar-amended substrate, further highlighting the beneficial effects of biochar. Catalase activity decreased significantly at the two highest concentrations of non-amended soil. Yet, in the amended soil, the activity remained high, especially in the highest concentration, where it was significantly higher than the controls. This indicated more severe oxidative stress in the absence of biochar. In all non-amended treatments, there was a significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition, while lower inhibition percentages were observed in the biochar-amended soil. In most endpoints, the addition of biochar alleviated the toxic effects of imidacloprid, which shows that biochar has the potential to be useful in soil remediation. However, there is still a need for field studies to identify the most effective application rate of biochar for land application.


2021 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 111824
Author(s):  
Zhihua Qiao ◽  
Xiangfeng Yao ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jianye Zhang ◽  
Qingzhi Du ◽  
...  

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