scholarly journals Reproduction and biomarker responses of Eisenia fetida after exposure to imidacloprid in biochar-amended soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngitheni Winnie-Kate Nyoka ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks Voua Otomo
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Amended Soil

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by pesticide pollution resulting from extensive use of pesticides, and due to the lack of regulatory measures in the developing world, there is a need for affordable means to lessen environmental effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on the toxicity of imidacloprid to life-cycle parameters and biomarker responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. E. fetida was exposed to 10% biochar-amended and non-amended OECD artificial soils spiked with 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg imidacloprid/kg for 28 days. An LC50 of 2.7 mg/kg was only computed in the non-amended soil but not in the biochar-amended soil due to insignificant mortality. The EC50 calculated in the non-amended soil (0.92 mg/kg) for reproduction (fertility) was lower than the one computed in the biochar amended (0.98 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in toxicity in the biochar-amended substrate. Significant weight loss was observed at the two highest imidacloprid treatments in the non-amended soil and only at the highest treatment in the biochar-amended substrate, further highlighting the beneficial effects of biochar. Catalase activity decreased significantly at the two highest concentrations of non-amended soil. Yet, in the amended soil, the activity remained high, especially in the highest concentration, where it was significantly higher than the controls. This indicated more severe oxidative stress in the absence of biochar. In all non-amended treatments, there was a significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition, while lower inhibition percentages were observed in the biochar-amended soil. In most endpoints, the addition of biochar alleviated the toxic effects of imidacloprid, which shows that biochar has the potential to be useful in soil remediation. However, there is still a need for field studies to identify the most effective application rate of biochar for land application.

Impact of Nealley’s Sprangletop on Rough Rice Yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-536
Author(s):  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
Eric A. Bergeron ◽  
David C. Blouin ◽  
Benjamin M. McKnight ◽  
Matthew J. Osterholt
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTwo field studies were conducted in Louisiana to determine the impact of Nealley’s sprangletop on rough rice yield under multiple environments in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The first study evaluated optimal timings of Nealley’s sprangletop removal for optimizing rough rice yields. The second study evaluated the impact of Nealley’s sprangletop densities on rough rice yield. Nealley’s sprangletop was removed with applications of fenoxaprop at 122 g ai ha–1at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after emergence (DAE). Nealley’s sprangletop removal at 7 and 14 DAE resulted in higher rough rice yields of 7,880 and 6,960 kg ha–1, respectively, when compared with the rice from the season-long Nealley’s sprangletop competition with a 6,040 kg ha-1yield. Delaying herbicide application from 7 DAE to 42 DAE resulted in a yield loss of 1,740 kg ha–1. Over the 35-d delay in application, rough rice yield loss from Nealley’s sprangletop interference was equivalent to 50 kg ha–1d–1. Nealley’s sprangletop densities were established at 1, 3, 7, 13, and 26 plants m–2by transplanting Nealley’s sprangletop when rice reached the one- to two-leaf stage. At Nealley’s sprangletop densities of 1 to 26 plants m–2, rough rice yields were reduced 10 to 270 kg ha–1, compared with the rice from weed-free plots. Based on regression analysis, Nealley’s sprangletop densities of 1, 35, 70, and 450 plants m–2reduced rough rice yield 0.14%, 5%, 10%, and 50%, respectively.

scholarly journals Land Application of Urban Horizontal Directional Drilling Residuals to Established Grass and Bare Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10264
Author(s):  
Joshua Daniel ◽  
Chad Penn ◽  
João Antonangelo ◽  
Hailin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
Significant Difference

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is a non-invasive alternative to trenching used for the installation of many common utilities. The process involves drilling fluid used to stabilize the borehole, lubricate the bit, and float cuttings to the surface. A sustainable alternative to landfill disposal is land application. Two field studies were conducted to determine the optimum application rate of HDD residuals to both established bermudagrass and bare soil seeded with bermudagrass. Residuals were applied at six rates ranging from 0 to 112 tons solid ha−1 for both trials. Soils were sampled 7, 30, and 90 days after application. Saturated paste and Mehlich-3 extractions were performed on all samples. Grass biomass was measured at the end of the study. No significant amount of nutrients or trace metals were found in the treated soils. All concentrations were in the range of typical soils. However, total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) increased with application rate. There was no significant difference in the yields of forage harvested on the established grass plots 110 days after application. Bare plots that received 22 tons solid ha−1 had higher percent ground cover than other rates. It is ecologically safe to apply HDD residuals up to 112 tons and 90 tons solid ha−1 to established bermudagrass and bare soil, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of poultry manure application rate and AlCl3 treatment on bacterial fecal indicators in runoff

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Brooks ◽  
A. Adeli ◽  
M. R. McLaughlin ◽  
D. M. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Appreciable Effect

Increasing costs associated with inorganic fertilizer have led to widespread use of broiler litter. Proper land application, typically limiting nutrient loss, is essential to protect surface water. This study was designed to evaluate litter-borne microbial runoff (heterotrophic plate count bacteria, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens) while applying typical nutrient-control methods. Field studies were conducted in which plots with high and low litter rates, inorganic fertilizer, AlCl3-treated litter, and controls were rained on five times using a rain generator. Overall, microbial runoff from poultry litter applied plots was consistently greater (2–5 log10 plot−1) than controls. No appreciable effect on microbial runoff was noted from variable litter application rate or AlCl3 treatments, though rain event, not time, significantly affected runoff load. C. perfringens and staphylococci runoff were consistently associated with poultry litter application, during early rain events, while other indicators were unreliable. Large microbial runoff pulses were observed, ranging from 102 to 1010 CFU plot−1; however, only a small fraction of litter-borne microbes were recoverable in runoff. This study indicated that microbial runoff from litter-applied plots can be substantial, and that methods intended to reduce nutrient losses do not necessarily reduce microbial runoff.

scholarly journals The impact of mining enterprises on the development of transport infrastructure in remote areas (case study of the Todzhinsky Kozhuun of Tyva and the Okinsky District of Buryatia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022033
Author(s):  
M V Kuklina ◽  
N E Krasnoshtanova ◽  
A I Trufanov ◽  
V N Bogdanov ◽  
T Sh Rуgzуnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Original Field ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the complex of socio-economic and environmental problems, infrastructure provision is becoming a cornerstone. A feature of remote areas is the inconsistency in understanding the vital need for access to modern infrastructure (primarily, to transport opportunities) and the costs associated with this access. On the one hand, the transport infrastructure in the region contributes to the efficient use of the economic potential of the region. On the other hand, isolation from the outside world with restricting existing traffic flows and rejecting new transport projects may be the local population’s own choice. Industrial development is the main driving force in the development of the transport infrastructure of the territories. In this work, the following study areas were selected as model areas for the study of the mutual influence of mining enterprises and the development of transport infrastructure - Todzhinsky Kozhuun of the Republic of Tyva and Okinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia. Methods of comparative geographical and statistical analysis and data generalization, network and problem approaches, in-depth and group interviews of local residents were used. The results of the analysis of publicly available data on the development and maintenance of specific transport arteries and materials of original field studies are presented.

scholarly journals The Three Dialectics of Adaptation Finance in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7691
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Pannier ◽  
Toan Canh Vu ◽  
Etienne Espagne ◽  
Gwenn Pulliat ◽  
Thi Thu Ha Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dialectical Tensions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Institutional Landscape ◽  
The One ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this paper is to analyze the complex institutional landscape of adaptation finance in Vietnam, a middle-income country highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change. While resources from international organizations and national authorities occupy a prominent position in adaptation funding, the use of local resources that directly or indirectly support adaptation practices is also an important factor to consider. We hypothesize that it is that interplay between official climate change finance on the one hand and local social dynamics on the other hand that shapes the structure of adaptation funding. These very particular financing circuits consequently determine the kind of adaptation actions that are actually implemented. The paper unfolds the adaptation finance flows at all scales by using qualitative field studies, technical and legal reports, and a wide-ranging literature on adaptation project financing, and thus identifies three types of dialectical tensions that might hinder Vietnamese institutional readiness for adaptation finance: the adaptation/development financing nexus, the adaptation/reaction financing behaviors, and the endogenous/exogenous financing dichotomy. Ultimately, the paper derives from these dialectical tensions within the architecture and functioning of adaptation finance key takeaway messages for a prospective analysis of adaptation funding that better informs adaptation finance policies.

scholarly journals Immersive Robotic Telepresence for Remote Educational Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4717
Author(s):  
Jean Botev ◽  
Francisco J. Rodríguez Lera
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Augmented Reality Application ◽  
Lesson Delivery ◽  
Educational Applications ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Social robots have an enormous potential for educational applications and allow for cognitive outcomes that are similar to those with human involvement. Remotely controlling a social robot to interact with students and peers in an immersive fashion opens up new possibilities for instructors and learners alike. Using immersive approaches can promote engagement and have beneficial effects on remote lesson delivery and participation. However, the performance and power consumption associated with the involved devices are often not sufficiently contemplated, despite being particularly important in light of sustainability considerations. The contributions of this research are thus twofold. On the one hand, we present telepresence solutions for a social robot’s location-independent operation using (a) a virtual reality headset with controllers and (b) a mobile augmented reality application. On the other hand, we perform a thorough analysis of their power consumption and system performance, discussing the impact of employing the various technologies. Using the QTrobot as a platform, direct and immersive control via different interaction modes, including motion, emotion, and voice output, is possible. By not focusing on individual subsystems or motor chains, but the cumulative energy consumption of an unaltered robot performing remote tasks, this research provides orientation regarding the actual cost of deploying immersive robotic telepresence solutions.

scholarly journals Morphology of House Pattern in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, Karangasem

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Residential Pattern ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Traditional Settlements Tenganan Dauh Tukad Traditional Village, Karangasem regency, has a uniqueness of traditional dwelling patterns that become a local character of the region. However, along with the development of tourism in this village, the traditional settlement is not only a pride, but also the object of commodification. This is an interesting phenomenon where on the one hand, people try to maintain their traditional residential identity to attract tourists visiting, but, on the other hand, they change their dwelling as a tourism facility. The change is a challenge and a pressure for maintaining the traditional configuration as an identity. This is a phenomenon of conflict in the development of a cultural tourism area. On the one hand, tourists expect a natural and original nature and culture. On the other hand, society and culture change as the society interacts with the outside culture and the desire to accommodate the needs of the visiting tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the paradoxical phenomenon of changes in the morphology of residential patterns in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village and explore the conflict between conservation of traditional housing character and tourism demand. By conducting field studies (measurements), of selected stratified random sampling houses, and interviews, to examine the impact of changes on values ??and their meanings, this study will discuss changes in the physical configuration, meanings, and values ??of a traditional house. This research will explore the original roles and meanings of altered housing that can still be maintained and the new roles and values ??contained in the new configuration. In this study will also discuss the impact of new values ??on the meaning and value of the original configuration. With the identification of the morphologic character of the residential pattern, it is expected to be a model of change and provide an appropriate perspective for the community, the government and the tourism actors in transforming the traditional housing in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, Karangasem Regency.

scholarly journals Does Securities Commission Oversight Reduce the Complexity of Financial Reporting?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hesarzadeh ◽  
Javad Rajabalizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Comment Letters ◽  
One Year ◽  
Corporate Governance Quality ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

En este trabajo se investiga si la supervisión de la Comisión de Valores reduce la complejidad de los informes financieros. Para ello se utilizan las cartas de opinión (comment letters) de la Comisión de Valores de Irán. Además, para medir dicha complejidad, se emplea el índice de Fog. Usando un diseño de diferencia en diferencias con la aproximación propensity score matching, se encuentra que la supervisión de la Comisión de Valores reduce esta complejidad. Además, se muestra que el impacto de la supervisión de las comisiones de valores en la complejidad de los informes financieros es mayor para las empresas con mayor calidad de gobierno corporativo.  También se documenta que este impacto (1) no se limita a un año y persiste al menos dos años después, y (2) no es mayor para las empresas que reciben más cartas de opinión (comment letters). Además, se constata el efecto indirecto de la supervisión de la comisión de valores, en el sentido de que las empresas que no reciben ninguna carta de opinión (comment letters) reducen la complejidad de sus informes financieros si la comisión de valores ha hecho comentarios sobre la empresa líder del sector o sobre un competidor cercano. En definitiva, este artículo proporciona, por un lado, evidencia relacionada con el debate internacional sobre si las comisiones de valores podrían tener efectos beneficiosos en la información financiera que elaboran las empresas y, por otro, contribuye a la literatura sobre la complejidad de los informes financieros y los factores que reducen la misma, lo cual ocupa un lugar destacado entre los temas más importantes en el contexto de la información financiera internacional. We investigate whether securities commission oversight reduces the complexity of financial reporting (complexity). To measure the securities commission oversight, we use comment letters from securities commission of Iran. Further, to measure the complexity, we employ the Fog index. Using a difference-in-differences design with a propensity score matching approach, we find that the securities commission oversight reduces the complexity. Furthermore, we document that the impact of securities commission oversight on the complexity is stronger for firms with higher corporate governance quality.  In addition, we document that the impact of securities commission oversight on the complexity (1) is not limited to one year and persists through at least two years later; and (2) is not higher for firms that receive more comment letters. We further document the spillover effect of securities commission oversight, in the sense that firms not receiving any comment letter reduce their complexity if the securities commission has commented on the industry leader or a close rival. Collectively, this paper, on the one hand, provides related evidence for the international debate on whether securities commissions could provide beneficial effects; and on the other hand, contributes to the literature on the complexity and its reducing factors that are among the most important issues in the context of international financial reporting.

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

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