The Digi-Table Method as a Tool for Reflecting on Research Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Wim Van Der Molen ◽  
◽  
Els Maeckelberghe ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Ethical Review Committee

"concepts and processes by means of a digitable. It is a tool for familiarizing users with complicated and complex issues, learning content, and addressing the more methodical aspects didactically. In this project, we have adapted the DTM for reflecting on research ethics, i.c. research with human beings and its ethical requirements and the review by the medical ethical review committee (MREC). A MREC reviews research proposals based on various (ethical) requirements and requires researchers to understand the ethical consequences and societal impact of their research. Before writing their own proposals, it is important for students to know and understand these ethical requirements and the process through which research proposals are reviewed. In order to train this, we prepared the digitable to simulate the review of a research protocol by an MREC and adapted it into an existing assignment on research ethics for master students. The students were informed of our aim and the use of DTM as an educational tool, and asked for consent. We invited them to critically assess the activity and we ensured participation would not influence their grade. The students reported a better understanding of the medical ethical review and felt it would improve their own work. From the educator’s perspective, the quality of argumentation of the review was much improved compared to previous years. The DTM as an educational tool is now a standard element in different master courses on scientific integrity. "

scholarly journals A proportional study of contemporary Bio safety rules and Islamic traditions regarding innate privileges of animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Yasir Wattu ◽  
Yasir Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Ethical Review Committee

Biosafety is the anticipation of significant forfeiture of biotic reliability, concentrating equally on bionetwork and hominid fitness. Use of animals and plants for experimental purposes is a controversial issue in recent days. Advanced states have constituted its biosafety and bioethical rules for security and survival of animals. Which prohibited unethical use of animals and ill treatment. All academic and research institutions are bound to constitute an ethical review committee which is assigned to review and supervise research activities conducted in institute. Contemporary Bioethical rules are assumed to secure the basic rights of animals. Islam has also set ethical principles for survival and security of animals and assure their innate privileges. Animals are an inordinate sanctification of Allah Almighty, many of our daily necessities are associated with them, and there is no denying the importance of animals in human life. As per Islamic education feeding and proper treatment and shelter are fundamental rights of animals and owner of animals is bound to provide these facilities. Moreover, cursing, beating, teasing and unnecessarily slaughter of animals is disliked. Major difference between contemporary bioethical rules regarding animal rights and Islamic teachings is use of animal for food purposes.

scholarly journals A situation analysis of competences of research ethics committee members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging study designs in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Provia Ainembabazi ◽  
Barbara Castelnuovo ◽  
Stephen Okoboi ◽  
Walter Joseph Arinaitwe ◽  
Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract Background Over the past two decades, Uganda has experienced a significant increase in clinical research driven by both academia and industry. This has been combined with a broader spectrum of research proposals, with respect to methodologies and types of intervention that need evaluation by Research Ethics Committees (RECs) with associated increased requirement for expertise. We assessed the competencies of REC members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging research study designs. The aim was to guide development of a training curriculum to improve the quality of scientific and ethical review. Methods This was a cross-sectional study design, with quantitative data collection methods. Research Ethics Committee members completed a structured pre-coded questionnaire on current competence with complex and emerging study design. REC members were asked to outline a list of additional topics for which they needed training. Data from coded questions were entered into Epidata Version 3.1 and then exported to STATA Version14.1 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed and findings are presented using percentages and frequencies. Results We enrolled 55 REC members from 6 RECs who have a total of 97 members. The majority of whom were males (56.4%, n = 31/55). The level of competence for review of selected study design was lowest for Controlled Human Infection Model (10.9%, n = 6) and reverse pharmacology design (10.9%, n = 6), and highest for cluster randomized study design (52.7%, n = 29) and implementation science research (52.7%, n = 29). Conclusion Competence for review of research protocols with complex and emerging study design was low among participating REC members. We recommend prioritising training of REC members on complex and emerging study designs to enhance quality of research protocol review.

scholarly journals A case study of researchers’ knowledge and opinions about the ethical review process for research in Botswana

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dimpho Ralefala ◽  
Joseph Ali ◽  
Nancy Kass ◽  
Adnan Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethics Training ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Ethics Review ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Research Oversight ◽  
Ethical Review Process

Most countries, including Botswana, have established Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to provide oversight of research involving human beings. Although much has been published on the structure and function of IRBs around the world, there is less literature that empirically describes the perspectives of stakeholders in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings regarding IRB processes. In this study, we employed primarily quantitative methods to examine the perceptions of researchers at the University of Botswana (UB) about the review of research protocols by local IRBs. Data were collected using a web-based survey (SurveyMonkey1). This was a preliminary effort to document some of the emerging experiences of researchers with ethics review in a context where both research and research oversight are relatively new. Findings from 85 researchers indicate that researchers recognized the need for an IRB to review all human research protocols, expressed the need for research ethics training, experienced high rates of approval at government ministries and UB, and generally believed that ethics review processes can help researchers themselves better understand and appreciate research ethics in general. Though only about one-quarter of respondents reported a more positive view of research ethics after interacting with the UB IRB, 56.5 percent reported no change. In contexts where IRBs have recently been established, it can be particularly important to document the perspectives of researchers in order to align expectations with capabilities, and identify areas where IRBs can improve operations. Future efforts to advance research ethics and ethical review in Botswana should include establishing research ethics training requirements and courses for researchers, increasing investment in IRBs and their training, further developing institutional and national research ethics policies, and formalizing agreements between IRBs and others involved in research oversight in the country to support coordinated review.

Principles of Animal Research Ethics

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-42
Author(s):  
David DeGrazia ◽  
Tom L. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Animal Research Ethics

The centerpiece section of this book on animal research ethics presents a new moral framework of general principles. It is preceded in the front matter by a preamble that explains the overall project in the book as well as in the sections specifically on the six principles. The centerpiece section first discusses the essential place of ethical justification in the animal research arena and then presents the framework of three principles of social benefit and three principles of animal welfare. Next it examines both the critical role played by ethics committees in a well-functioning system of ethical review of animal research and the idea of scientific necessity as a justification for harming animal subjects. The section closes with an analysis of the influential Three-Rs framework, as presented in Russell and Burch’s Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Despite the Three Rs’ important advance in the promotion of animal welfare, it does not adequately address the costs and benefits of animal research to human beings and lacks a comprehensive program of animal-subjects protection.

MAPPING AFRICAN ETHICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE ACTIVITY ONTO CAPACITY NEEDS: THE MARC INITIATIVE AND HRWEB'S INTERACTIVE DATABASE OF RECS IN AFRICA

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAREL IJSSELMUIDEN ◽  
DEBBIE MARAIS ◽  
DOUGLAS WASSENAAR ◽  
BOITUMELO MOKGATLA-MOIPOLAI
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Review ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Ethical Review Committee

scholarly journals Treatment of Medial Canthal Tumor by Rotation Flap

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qirat Qurban ◽  
Zeeshan Kamil ◽  
Khalid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Cosmetic Outcome ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Medial Canthus ◽  
Rotation Flap ◽  
Ethical Review Committee ◽  
Surrounding Skin

Purpose:  To describe the cosmetic outcome after repairing medial canthal defects via glabellar rotation flaps in patients undergoing wide clear margin excision of medial canthal tumour. Study Design:  Interventional case series. Place and Duration of Study:  This study was conducted at Khalid Eye Clinic, Nazimabad, Karachi, from March 2019 to August 2019. Methods:  Study approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee. Eleven patients of both genders with clinically suspected medial canthal tumor were included in the study. Patients who underwent previous treatment such as radiation, cryotherapy or surgery were excluded. All surgeries were done to remove the tumor along with surrounding wide clear margins followed by reconstruction of the defect of the medial canthusareawith the help of arotation flap. Patients were followed for a period of up to six months post operatively for any wound related problems or recurrence. All patients were informed about the study and consent was obtained from each of them. Results:  All eleven patients of this study were satisfied at the end of the follow-up period with the final cosmetic outcome. Seven out of elevenpatients were males and the remaining four were females, which also highlighted a greater incidence of medial canthal tumors in the male gender. Conclusion:  Glabellar rotation flap is a suitable procedurefor themedial canthal area restoration after the tumor excision and can be customizedas per the characteristics of the surrounding skin as well as thesite, dimensions, and profundity of the defect. Key Words:  Medial canthal tumor, Glabellar rotation flap, Medial canthus.

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