Fundamental Human Rights and UNO Charter: A Critical Analysis with Islamic Perspectives.

This study presents a critical analysis on the charter of human rights of United Nations, as it was design to promote peace and justice in the world but unfortunately it was not come in true. So the concepts and impacts of human rights presented by UN will be examine in the light of Seerah, and to find out the reasons which caused its failure. It is historical observation that fundamental human rights are very essential for justice and peace in the world. All the peoples have equal rights in all respects. No one is allowed to disregard the rights of others on the basis of race, color and religion. Holy Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) founded the state of Yathrab and first time in the history declared the fundamental rights of human and vanished the differences based on race, color and gender. Rights for slaves, war prisoners and women were not only defined but were implemented by legal procedure in very short time. In 1948 United Nation declared a charter for human rights which proclaimed that inherent dignity and equal rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace of the world. This charter consist on 30 articles regarding individual and common rights of human. This charter of UN guaranteed the security of all fundamental rights of all human being. Although there are number of articles which caused uneasiness among the people of different religions such as article No. 19. Freedom of opinion and express must be observed but it should must be keep in mind that some irresponsible elements of different societies are using this for their criminal purposes as cartoon contest on Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) by Geert wilders of Holland in recent days caused huge disturbance for world peace. Whereas, the Prophet of Islām ordered the Muslim to respect the clergy of other religions even He (PBUH) halted the Muslims to abuse the idols.

Islamic Culture and Western Civilization: The Prospects of Coexistence in the Thought of Alija Izetbegović

Alija Ali Izetbegović (1925-2003) is one of the outstanding Muslim thinkers in recent history who have re-conceptualized the Islamic worldview and ethos in the context of the contemporary world on the one hand and critically reflected upon the modern Western civilization, on the other. Izetbegović conceives Islam as a system representing a middle path between Christian spiritualism and materialism of modern civilization. However, like any profound philosophical system, his thought requires exposition and interpretation, which the present paper ventures to undertake. Specifically, the paper inquires whether and how far his vision of Islam facilitates coexistence between Muslims and the others, especially regarding the Muslims living in Western societies. The query is crucial because some writers have accused Izetbegović of being a fundamentalist who pursued an agenda of monolithic Islamic culture with little room for meaningful participation of non-Muslims. The paper concludes that contrary to such negative renderings of his thought, Izetbegović was a thinker with a vast intellectual spectrum and an open outlook. Some of his peculiar notions can be conducive to the coexistence between Muslims and other European communities as well as Islamic culture and Western civilization.

Western Views of the Muslim Study of Religions: A Critical Overview with Special Reference to Jacques Waardenburg

Muslim study of religions before modern times has claimed the attention of some modern Western scholars. At least three developmental phases of this nascent discursive field are discernable. Firstly, Western views of Muslim writings on different religions started appearing as prefaces, marginal notes, and introductions to the edited manuscripts since the early decades of the nineteenth century. In the next phase, instead of focusing on single books, some scholars started discussing a cluster of Muslim writings on a given religious tradition such as Christianity or Judaism. In the third phase, a few scholars have attempted to present more encompassing and systematic surveys of the Muslim perceptions of other religions. Jacques Waardenburg (1930-2015) is one such scholar, and therefore his views get a special mention in the present paper. The argument is that it is the self-understanding of the academic study of religion that defines the Western scholars’ appraisals of the classical Muslim contributions in this field. The paper proposes that the descriptive studies on religions and the polemics can and should be distinguished as two separate spheres of the classical Muslim intellectual tradition for better prospects of cooperation between the Muslim and Western traditions in the study of religion.

A proportional study of contemporary Bio safety rules and Islamic traditions regarding innate privileges of animals

Biosafety is the anticipation of significant forfeiture of biotic reliability, concentrating equally on bionetwork and hominid fitness. Use of animals and plants for experimental purposes is a controversial issue in recent days. Advanced states have constituted its biosafety and bioethical rules for security and survival of animals. Which prohibited unethical use of animals and ill treatment. All academic and research institutions are bound to constitute an ethical review committee which is assigned to review and supervise research activities conducted in institute. Contemporary Bioethical rules are assumed to secure the basic rights of animals. Islam has also set ethical principles for survival and security of animals and assure their innate privileges. Animals are an inordinate sanctification of Allah Almighty, many of our daily necessities are associated with them, and there is no denying the importance of animals in human life. As per Islamic education feeding and proper treatment and shelter are fundamental rights of animals and owner of animals is bound to provide these facilities. Moreover, cursing, beating, teasing and unnecessarily slaughter of animals is disliked. Major difference between contemporary bioethical rules regarding animal rights and Islamic teachings is use of animal for food purposes.

Status of talfīq in the four schools of thought and its applications in contemporary financial transactions: an analytical study

Talfīq means: to mingle, collect or gather it. The predecessor scholars used this term only to its literal meanings whereas for the successors; an issue comprising the solutions in such a way as its compound form may not be acceptable to any jurists. Talfīq has the same whereabouts as Taqlīd does; only its ijtihādī issues but worth known that talfīq is not allowed in the issues of belief and ethics. Talfīq may be in three various kinds; first Talfīq in various issues like: to adopt Hanafi school of thought and Maliki school of thought in social affairs, second Talfīq in various sub issues under one major issue, third To gather opinion of various jurists about an issue that no jurist will favor its compound form. The writer opines that the majority of predecessor and successor jurists seem agreed to combine the arguments of both these groups. Today, it has now become necessary to solve the contemporary complications in the compilation of Fiqh particularly in collective Ijtihad. Only in Collective Ijtihad, it will be the best way of practice to save it from an illusion.

The Methodology and Stylistic Approach of Imam Tahavi in Tafseer “Ahkam ul Quran

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has emerged as one of the most popular byproduct of Assistant Reproductive Technology (ART) in our time. It has proven attractive to people across the globe for variety of reasons including infertility treatment and pre-natal sex selection. People of various cultures have reacted to its use in line with their own code of morality and religious values on human procreation, sexual purity and lineage exactitude. In the case of Muslims, its application for overcoming infertility has received general juridical approval with minimum number of caveats. A cursory of the existing fatwas, however reveals that the juristic deliberation on the implications of IVF in terms of destroying the excess embryos generated in the process is scanty. Accordingly, this study argues that if we equate legitimate use of IVF with natural way of human reproduction, then the ethicality of its casualties in terms of surplus embryo destruction should not be trivialized.

A Scholarly Study of Legal Standing of the Jurists in the Hanafi School of thought and the Categorization of Issues

The scholars of Hanafi school of thought fall into different categories as far as quality of their work is concerned as the opinions and reasoning of some scholars carry more weight than of others. Some scholars classify jurists into five categories while others divide them into seven different wings. Similarly legal juridical issues have also been identified as belonging to different groups and have been documented in books varying in terms of Quality and authenticity, but all the contents in any of those books can not be considered for passing a ruling for lack of credibility. It is essential that a scholar in Islam possesses a good knowledge of Shari’ah, so no confusion whatsoever, arises from the ruling once passed. If a scholar fails to differentiate the authentic and unauthentic sources of Islamic Jurisprudence, he may not be able to pass an accurate judgement. This is the basic requirement for the position of a Judge in Islam. This paper describes the legal requirements and qualification for a Hanafi jurist and also elaborates on the categorization of legal issues.

A Study of the Seera’h of the Holy Prophet (SAW) – A Mercy for Mankind- as Exemplified by his Life

The prophet of Islam, Muhammad (SAW) has been introduced by Allah, the Creator of this universe, as the “Mercy for the whole universe”. The holy Prophet (SAW) lived his entire life as a testimony to this grand compliment from Allah Almighty. His extraordinary compassion towards his followers, all other human beings is acknowledged to be worth copying and there has been no denial of the claim yet. He was an epitome of love, mercy, compassion and tolerance. He not only practiced these virtues himself, but also inculcated them in his companions, advised his followers i.e. all Muslims to practice and preach them to entire humanity at large. He forgave his worst enemies and tormentors when he subdued them, either individually, or collectively. His historic declaration of universal pardon on the conquest of Makkah has no parallel in history. His life history and teachings are replete with examples of extreme compassion and mercy. This paper is an attempt to bring home this point by presenting the evidences to support this claim.

An Analytical Study of Hinduism in the Writings of Muhammad Shariq

Religion has always been playing a very important role in the lives of all humans since the very beginning of life. Historians believe that there has never been lack of divine guidance in any period of time ever since the existence of human race, but with the passage of time the teachings of Islam were perverted and different religions and civilizations came into existence, some of which diminished with time while others adopting their teachings according to the modern and changing conditions continued to exist. However, religious teachings have always dominated other forces in the world mainly because of visionary efforts and a continued chain of prophets. Apart from Islam other religions also had their influnce on the systems. The study of religions has always been a well-established tradition among the researchers and thinkers who have always focused on this aspect of learning which paved the way to producing books of immense scholastic quality. People in different parts of the world had been expressing their opinions about the teaching of religions. Religious teachings were also debated in our part of the world-the sub-continent- which is evident from the writings of Hafiz Muhammad Shariq in his book “A detailed Study of Hindusim” which led to the opening of many gateways of research for knowledge seekers. In this article an analytical review of the special work of Muhammad Shariq on Hinduism is carried out.