Are fluid inclusions in gypsum reliable paleoenvironmental indicators? An assessment of the evidence from the Messinian evaporites

The paleosalinity of water from which the gypsum precipitated during the Messinian salinity crisis is a controversial issue. Recent microthermometry studies on primary fluid inclusions in gypsum provided very low salinity values not compatible with precipitation from seawater, and suggested strong mixing between seawater and nonmarine waters enriched in calcium sulfate. We applied a new microthermometric protocol on gypsum crystals from nine Mediterranean sections that were experimentally stretched to measure a larger population of fluid inclusions. The results show salinities ranging from 9 to 238 wt‰ NaCl equivalent, largely falling within the evaporation path of normal seawater. The data from previous studies were obtained mostly from those fluid inclusions capable of nucleating a stable bubble after a weak stretching, which probably correspond to those having a lower salinity acquired through post-depositional crack-and-seal processes. Our data suggest instead that the primary gypsum precipitated from a marine brine, later modified by post-trapping processes during tectonics and exhumation.

A comparative study on surveillance and privacy regulations (the UAE vs. the USA and the EU)

Surveillance is becoming the norm in today’s life, especially with the pandemic of COVID-19. Surveillance of public crowds and activity is a controversial issue that can contradict the privacy of individuals (Federal Decree-Law No. (5) of 2012). This paper presents a comparative study of surveillance and privacy regulations and law in the UAE compared to the USA and the EU. The objective of this comparison is to highlight the amendments that have been adopted to improve laws and regulations, the need for further improvement, and the strengths and weaknesses in each of these countries. A discussion of different acts adopted in these countries and comparing them can help security experts to cooperate with legislators in order to rectify shortcomings and improve the acts adopted in their respective countries. Furthermore, we think that such a comparison can help system developers to find an easier way to accommodate the differences in security measures that they have to tackle and incorporate when they are serving customers in these countries and especially in the UAE. A legal framework has been proposed in order to define the maturity level of regulations adopted by a government in regard to surveillance and privacy laws and acts.

Composition of Alloy of Taurian Chersonesos Silver Coins

The paper offers the first complete picture of the changing in the alloy composition of silver coins of the ancient Tauric Chersonesos. Coins from two largest collections were examined: the State Hermitage and the State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve “Tauric Chersonesos”. In total, about 190 Chersonesean silver coins were studied by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results obtained made it possible to determine the stages of functioning of fool metallic value silver coins and to reveal the time of their transformation into conventional or credit coins. This happened at the end of the autonomous period of Chersonesos, after which silver coins were no longer minted in Chersonesos, with the exception of an episodic and controversial issue during the period of the influence of Mithridates VI.

Current opportunities of primary endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with endo-perio origin

Primary endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis caused by primary perio lesion, a frequent case in the dental clinical practice. This situation is a dilemma when drawing up a comprehensive treatment plan for a patient, taking into account the pathogenesis of the disease. Extracting or saving a tooth is still a controversial issue for dental surgeons and therapists. To obtain a successful result, it is necessary to carry out high-quality endodontic and periodontal treatment. This article represents a clinical case of primary endodontic treatment of tooth 1.7 with endo-perio lesion. At the final stage, the final result of the treatment is presented in 2 weeks. This article will help dentists acquire additional knowledge necessary for making decisions and choosing treatment tactics in difficult clinical situations.

THE EFFECTIVENESSOFANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXISDURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Предоперационная антибиотикопрофилактика по сей день является спорным вопросом в лечении пациентов c желчекаменной болезнью, так как риск возникновения гнойно-воспалительных осложнений в послеоперационном периоде сохраняется достаточно на высоком уровне. Цель исследования - определить эффективность предоперационной антибиотикопрофилактики у пациентов, перенесших лапароскопическую холецистэктомию. По итогу исследования было сделано заключение, что применение предоперационной антибиотикопрофилактики на сегодняшний день остается актуальным. Nowadays preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is a controversial issue in the treatment of patients with cholelithiasis, because the risk of purulentin ammatory complications in the postoperative period remains quite high. The purpose of the study is to determine whether this procedure is effective in patients who need laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study has concluded that the use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis remains relevant until nowadays.

Do clones dream of absent father(s)? Biotechnologia i metafizyka w powieści Nie opuszczaj mnie Kazuo Ishiguro i jej filmowej adaptacji

The article deals with metaphysical aspects of dystopian vision of posthuman and racist socjety presented in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel Never Let Me Go and its film adaptation. The controversial issue of cloning provokes fundamental questions of what constitutes our existence as human beings and what is the source of overpowering sense of solitude and orphanhood in the “fatherless” world. These questions are being answered in the context of biopolitics (Foucault, Habermas) and its ethical consequences. The paper is intended as a contribution to the ongoing discussion of the human condition and our relation to other beings: machines, animals and… clones.

On the (Mis)Use of Deception in Web-Based Research

The deception of research participants remains a controversial issue in the behavioral sciences. Current ethics codes consistently limit the use of deception to cases in which non-deceptive alternatives are unfeasible and, crucially, require that participants subjected to deception be debriefed correspondingly along with an option to withdraw their data after learning about the deception. These conditions pose a particular challenge in the context of web-based research because participants can typically discontinue a study unilaterally (i.e., dropout by simply closing the browser window) in which case full debriefing and an option to withdraw one’s data are no longer available. As a consequence, the study would no longer be compatible with ethical standards. Based on recent meta-analytical data, we provide an existence proof of this problem, showing that deception is used in web-based research with little to no indication of safeguards ensuring full debriefing and subsequent data withdrawal options. We close by revisiting recommendations for the (non-)use of deception in web-based research and offer solutions to implement such safeguards in case deception is truly unavoidable.

Bibliographical Scrupulousness and Philological Zeal: Conrad Gessner Working on the editio princeps of ‘Ad se ipsum’

The article concerns the history of the first edition of Greek text of Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations (1559), printed together with its Latin translation and commentary by Wilhelm Xylander. The Zurich philologist and naturalist Conrad Gessner documented it meticulously from its earliest steps in his Neo-Latin bibliographic handbooks, as well as other printed works and letters, meanwhile contributing somehow to its realization. The controversial issue of Gessner’s and Xylander’s role in the establishing of the text of editio princeps, and thus its attribution, is discussed in detail. The other question under consideration is how Gessner imagined the interaction of humanist philology and bibliography, which had to direct literary history in the age of printed word. Taking into account this particular case of Gessner’s bibliographic and philological inquiry, the author attempts to consider his Bibliotheca universalis not only as seminal compilative and critical work, but also as important means of communication and (self-)stimulation.