scholarly journals Micronutrients as Impurities of Inorganic Fertilizers Marketed in Saudi Arabia

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
A.S. Modaihsh ◽  
A.E. Abdallah ◽  
A.S. Mashhady
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

Inorganic fertilizers with major nutrients are likely to be contaminated with some micronutrients. Fertilizers, utilized in Saudi Arabia, were analyzed for their total and water-soluble content of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. They represented three categories namely: phosphatic, solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF) and water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF). Total iron content in examined fertilizers was higher in phosphatic fertilizers and lower in WSMF. Nevertheless, only a very small portion of the total iron content is likely to be available to plants. It was estimated, on the basis of total content, that almost 2 g of iron would be applied to soil for each added kg of phosphatic fertilizer. The highest total content of Zn was recorded for phosphatic fertilizers. The data suggested that less than half kg of Zn would be accumulated in soil if 500 kg of phosphatic fertilizers were applied in one year. This value however, fell dramatically, to one fourth of the value, when only the available forms of Zn were considered. Fertilizer content of manganese and copper were lower than both Fe and Zn. Micronutrient impurities present in inorganic fertilizers might not have an immediate influence on plant nutrition due to their lower solubility.  

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Content of Commercial Inorganic Fertilizers Used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Modaihsh ◽  
M.S. AI-Swailem ◽  
M.O. Mahjoub
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Metal Addition ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

In recent years much concern has been given to toxic heavy metals, which enter the human food chain. Application of inorganic fertilizers is considered one of the potential routes of such entry, in this work 74 samples of commercial fertilizers marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were analyzed for their heavy metal concentrations. Fertilizer samples included 20 samples of phosphatic fertilizers [monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP)], 11 samples of liquid fertilizers. 31 samples of water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF) and 12 samples of solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF). Concentrations of heavy metals varied according to the type of fertilizer and the tested metal; Cr levels were the highest and Co was the lowest. Results revealed that Cd ranged from < l to 36.8 mg.kg-1, with a median of 33.2 mg.kg-1 for the phosphatic fertilizers, 9.5 mg.kg-1 for the liquid fertilizers, 19.7 for the SMNF, and 2.9 mg.kg-1 for the WSMF. The median values of Pb, Ni, Co and Cr in the phosphatic fertilizers were 14.3, 72.1, 1 1.8 and 249.3 mg.kg-1, respectively. However, the corresponding median values of these elements, in the liquid fertilizers, were 9.9, 15.6, 11.2 and 64.0 mg.kg-1 and 15.3, 43.0, 12.5 and 170.7 mg.kg-1 in the SMNF. The median contents of three heavy metals in the WSMF samples were 9.8 mg.kg-1 for Pb, 5.6 mg.kg-1 for Co. and 7.4 mg.kg-1 for Ni. The Cd. Co. Cr and Ni concentrations were lower than the tolerance limits for heavy metal addition (Cd 100 mg.kg-1, Cr, 100 mg.kg-1 and Ni, 50 mg.kg-1), and they were in a range similar to those found internationally. It is estimated that the application of an average dose of 80 kg P ha-1 annually in Saudi Arabia, contributes 13 g of Cd ha-1 to the soil.  

Clay mineralogy of parent materials derived from uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks in southern Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Dubbin ◽  
A. R. Mermut ◽  
H. P. W. Rostad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Soils developed from parent materials derived from uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks have been delineated from those which do not contain any of these younger sediments. The present study was initiated to determine the validity of this delineation. Parent materials from six locations in southwestern Saskatchewan were collected to determine their general chemical and physical properties. Clay fractions from each of these six parent materials were then subjected to detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses. The two parent materials containing the greatest amount of post-Bearpaw bedrock sediments (Jones Creek, Scotsguard) were characterized by substantially more organic carbon and less CaCO3. The presence of coal and the absence of carbonates in local bedrocks were considered to be the source of these deviations. In general, fine clays were comprised of 64–69% smectite, 14–21% illite and 10–13% kaolinite and coarse clay contained 32–39% smectite, 25–34% illite and 11–14% kaolinite. An exception was found in two fine clays which had less smectite but 3–6% vermiculite. Total iron content of the fine clays ranged from 7.16 to 8.11% expressed as Fe2O3. However, only a small fraction of this iron was extractable using the CDB technique. There were no substantial differences in surface areas or CECs of the clay fractions. Despite minor differences in the chemistry and mineralogy of these six parent materials, a separation of the soil associations does not appear to be warranted. Key words: Parent materials, uppermost Cretaceous, Tertiary, bedrock, clay mineralogy

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