scholarly journals LIFE HISTORY ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA IN AN ESTUARY OF THE OMUTA-GAWA RIVER, KYUSHU, JAPAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zazili Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Monthly Survey

The research was conducted at four　stations in the Omuta-gawa River, Kyushu, Japan from December 2003 to July 2005. The results of the monthly survey clearly indicated that Hediste japonica has one generation per year. The reproductive period of this species is from late December to late February, and also occurred on H. diaroma, that it has one generation per year. The reproductive period of this species in the Omuta-gawa River is from middle December to late April, when reproductive swarming of mature adults occurs. This reproductive period is much longer than that of H. japonica. Both Hediste species, spawning, fertilization and early development occur in water column with a long pelagic larval life. Keywords: life history, Hediste japonica, H. diadroma, reproductive period, estuary

BIOLOGY OF TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Olton ◽  
E. F. Legner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitoid Development

AbstractThe synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C using Musca domestica L. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.

Larval Life History ofLithobates sphenocephalus(Southern Leopard Frog) in Southeast Louisiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
James A. Erdmann ◽  
Cody D. Godwin ◽  
Martha R. Villalba-Guerra ◽  
D. Cooper Campbell ◽  
Jordan Donini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Larval Life History

scholarly journals Temporal distribution and early development of Moenkausia cf. gracilima (Lucena & Soares, 2016) (Osteichthyes, Characidae) in the upper Paraná River, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Andreia dos Santos ◽  
Marcia Sayuri Iquematsu ◽  
Claudemir Martins Soares ◽  
Eliana Maria Galdioli ◽  
Klebert Faria da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Upper Paraná River Floodplain ◽  
Batch Spawning ◽  
Upper Paraná River

Abstract Aim: To analyze temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles and the early development and of Moenkhausia cf. gracilima. Methods Samples were taken quarterly in twenty-five sites in the upper Paraná River floodplain between August 2013 and May 2015. The samples were taken under the water surface at night using 0.5 mm mesh plankton nets. In the laboratory, samples were sorted, identified and separated into larval (preflexion, flexion and postflexion) and juvenile periods. Results A total of 248 individuals was collected, mainly in the Saraiva Lagoon, suggesting that the entire life cycle of this species occurs in this environment. The reproductive period takes place between December and April, since the postflexion larvae were found until May. However, the occurrence of juveniles between February and May indicates probable batch spawning. Among the 95 individuals used for ontogenic description, 82 were larvae and 13 juveniles. Larvae may be characterized by irregular pigmentation in the upper region of the head, mouth, and body, increasing throughout development; upper lobe of the caudal fin more pigmented than the lower lobe, only visible in postflexion larvae; terminal mouth; anal opening located anterior to the median region of the body and total number of myomers ranging from 34 to 40 (15 to 20 pre and 16 to 23 postanal), while juveniles have characteristics similar to adults. The total number of fin rays is: P. 11-16, V. 7-11, D, 9-11 and A. 21-23. Conclusions According to the distribution of developmental periods it is possible to conclude that this species reproduces in the summer, preferably in lagoons. Growth analysis indicated important alterations in larval morphology (metamorphosis) that may be associated with the ecomorphological characteristics of the species. The morphological separation of larvae of M. cf. gracilima from other larvae of small characids, especially at preflexion and flexion stages may be complicated by the overlap of traits, suggesting the use of other variables, mainly morphometric, for the separation of the species.

scholarly journals Testing adaptive hypotheses on the evolution of larval life history in acorn and stalked barnacles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 11434-11447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ewers‐Saucedo ◽  
Paula Pappalardo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Larval Life History

scholarly journals Revealing Evolutionarily Optimal Strategies in Self-Reproducing Systems via a New Computational Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4701-4725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur Sandhu ◽  
Andrew Morozov ◽  
Oleg Kuzenkov
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Behavioural Patterns

AbstractModelling the evolution of complex life history traits and behavioural patterns observed in the natural world is a challenging task. Here, we develop a novel computational method to obtain evolutionarily optimal life history traits/behavioural patterns in population models with a strong inheritance. The new method is based on the reconstruction of evolutionary fitness using underlying equations for population dynamics and it can be applied to self-reproducing systems (including complicated age-structured models), where fitness does not depend on initial conditions, however, it can be extended to some frequency-dependent cases. The technique provides us with a tool to efficiently explore both scalar-valued and function-valued traits with any required accuracy. Moreover, the method can be implemented even in the case where we ignore the underlying model equations and only have population dynamics time series. As a meaningful ecological case study, we explore optimal strategies of diel vertical migration (DVM) of herbivorous zooplankton in the vertical water column which is a widespread phenomenon in both oceans and lakes, generally considered to be the largest synchronised movement of biomass on Earth. We reveal optimal trajectories of daily vertical motion of zooplankton grazers in the water column depending on the presence of food and predators. Unlike previous studies, we explore both scenarios of DVM with static and dynamic predators. We find that the optimal pattern of DVM drastically changes in the presence of dynamic predation. Namely, with an increase in the amount of food available for zooplankton grazers, the amplitude of DVM progressively increases, whereas for static predators DVM would abruptly cease.

scholarly journals Spontaneous heterosis in larval life-history traits of hemiclonal frog hybrids

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 2171-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hotz ◽  
R. D. Semlitsch ◽  
E. Gutmann ◽  
G.-D. Guex ◽  
P. Beerli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Larval Life History

scholarly journals V. On the early development of cirripedia

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 119-232 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
The Subject

During a short stay at Plymouth, in 1889, I was engaged in studying certain points in the anatomy of Cirripedia; finding, however, that a knowledge of the embryology was necessary in order to arrive at a complete understanding of the adult structure, I became wishful to investigate the life-history of some one member of the group. This I had an opportunity of doing at Naples, where I was appointed to occupy the Cambridge University Table at the Zoological Station for a period of six months, subsequently increased to nine. I here succeeded in obtaining a practically complete series of stages of Balanus perforatus , Bruguiere, as well as many stages in other members of the group. Though a number of able observers have occupied themselves with the embryology of Cirripedes, yet, owing to lack of opportunity, and to the difficulty of obtaining complete series of developmental stages, as well' as to the inherent difficulties in the subject, much remained to be done in this line. Willemoes-Suhm alone, with the advantages afforded by his position during the Challenger Expedition, has hitherto obtained a complete series of stages of any one form, but he failed to trace the history of the earlier stages, and in the later, limited himself to the appearance of fresh and spirit specimens, as seen without cutting sections. In fact the method of sections has been little applied to the development of Cirripedes, and not at all to the earlier stages. There is, therefore, little apology needed for an account embracing the results obtained by the employment of some of the more modern methods of embryological study.

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