scholarly journals NILAI DESAIN ACUAN SAMBUNGAN KAYU GESER GANDA DENGAN PAKU BERPELAT SISI BAJA AKIBAT BEBAN UNI-AKSIAL TEKAN MENURUT BERBAGAI ANALISIS PENDEKATAN

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sucahyo Sadiyo ◽  
Naresworo Nugroho ◽  
Surjono Surjokusumo ◽  
Imam Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Double Shear ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Reference Design ◽  
Nail Diameter ◽  
Design Value ◽  
Timber Connections

The purposes of this research are to know the influence of woods specific gravity and nail diameter to reference design value in double shear timber connections with steel side plates nail on four species of Indonesian commercial wood according to various approximation analysis. Analysis is done to four values and it is compared with other research that has been done. This research result from testing which have done by Ziannita (2009) referred as approach of A; result of research of Sadiyo and Sriyanto (2009) and Mansur (2009) referred as approach of B; values referring at literature referred as approach of C and compressive-joint total load divided by nail amount and factor of safety referred as approach of D (Sadiyo and Sriyanto, 2009 and Mansur, 2009). Joint done by using four species of Indonesian commercial wood which is meranti merah (Shorea leprosula), mabang (Shorea pachyphylla), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and bangkirai (Shorea laevifolia). Nails that applied in this research are nail with diameter of 4.1 mm length of 10 cm, nail with diameter of 5.2 mm length of 12.5 cm and nail with diameter of 5.5 mm length of 15 cm. The calculation of this research is done according to National Design Specification for Wood Construction-2005. Analysis results indicate that wood specific gravity influence the strength of connection, excelsior wood specific gravity will produce high strength of connection also. This can be influenced by mechanical properties from wood such as maximum crushing strength. Bangkirai have higher specific gravity than three others wood but result approach of D shows that the connections assess reference design value which is lower compared with two other woods (kempas and mabang wood). Then, the bigger on nail diameter brings bigger strength of connection also, but this thing depends on the conditions from nail and quality of nail materials. Key words: compression loading, double shear connections, nail, reference design value, steel side plates.

Wood Specific Gravity in Species from Two Tropical Forests in Mexico

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Barajas-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest

The specific gravity of 220 woody species, half of them from a tropical rainforest, half from a tropical deciduous forest was measured. The two groups were compared using a Student t-test. The results show highly significant differences in specific gravity between the species from the two areas: woods from the dry deciduous forest tend to be much heavier than those from the rainforest.

Application of High Strength/Low Specific Gravity Under Body Coat for Automobile

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Komatsu ◽  
Junji Kamimura ◽  
Eiji Suzuki ◽  
Mitsuhiko Ueki
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
High Strength

scholarly journals Model Comparison of The Floating Foundations for The Development of Floating Houses at Coastal Areas

Pondasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Son Haji ◽  
Henny Pratiwi Adi ◽  
Moch Faiqun Ni’am
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Load Parameter ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Floating Foundation ◽  
House Structure

ABSTRACT             Floating house is a building, which stands or floats on water by relying itself on the weight and the area sunk as the load parameter compatible to the structure. This house can float or be placed on the seashore on the water. This research was conducted by comparing the magnitude of the floating force (Fa) of the three foundation materials of the houses, namely plastic drum, Styrofoam and bamboo. The materials were calculated based on the total load of the house (G), with the safety number of 1.5.  .The research result is the total load of the floating house structure (G) is 364.585,5 Newton (down), the floating force (Fa) magnitude of plastic drum as the foundation material is 549,814 Newton (upward), Styrofoam as the foundation material is 552,720 Newton (upward), and Bamboo as the foundation material is 540,883  Newton (upward). The amounts of the foundation materials for plastic drum are 232 pieces, for Styrofoam are 56 sheets, and for bamboo are 3900 sticks.  Keywords: Floating house, floating foundation, floating force, plastic drum, Styrofoam,                 bamboo

scholarly journals Pan tropical biomass equations for Mexico's dry forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Návar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Tropical Dry Forests ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Ecological Importance

This study reports a set of robust regional M-tree allometric equations for Mexico's tropical dry forests and their application to a forest inventory dataset for the States of Durango and Sinaloa, Mexico. Calculated M data from 15 reported equations were fitted, applied and validated for regional and global models. Proposed theoretical models, empirically derived equations, as well as global and local reported equations were fitted and applied to calculated M-tree data using wood specific gravity, diameter at breast height, and top height as exogenous variables. Empirically-derived, computer-based equations assessed the M-tree evaluations slightly better than the theoretical, the global and the local models. However, the theoretical models projected compatible M-tree values and deserve further attention once wood specific gravity data are collected in the field. Using the best fit equation, mean M plot density values of 30, 41 and 35 Mg ha-1 were estimated from 57 plots (1,600 m2 each), 217 plots (1,000 m2 each) and 166 plots (1,000 m2 each) in the tropical dry forests of the States of Durango, Tiniaquis and Vado Hondo (Sinaloa), respectively. The large sample size, the richness of the tested allometric models, the economic and ecological importance of this data-source, and the spatial coverage of these equations made this dataset uniquely useful for biomass, charcoal, and other bio-energy estimations, as well as for understanding the inherent heterogeneity of the stand-structure in dynamic tropical forest environments.

Roof Structural System Study with Use of UHPC

2017 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Milan Holý
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Normal Strength ◽  
Very High

This paper deals with the roof structural system using prestressed girders made of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). One of the aims of this study is to verify whether the option of the UHPC girders could be under certain boundary conditions competitive with the commonly used construction materials. Due to its high strength, UHPC enables the design of the structural elements with the high load bearing capacity and with smaller slenderness compared to normal strength concrete elements. The price of UHPC is currently still very high compared to the normal strength concretes or steel. Therefore, its use for the usual designed structures does not recently seem too economically attractive. The effect of material savings is nonnegligible in the case, that a self-weight of the structure forms dominant component of the total load. In addition to the high strength, UHPC has very high resistance to environmental influences. It is therefore likely, that UHPC could be advantageously applied e.g. for the roofing of industrial buildings of chemical plants with high aggressive environments, because there are high demands on the life cycle of the structure.

Place of Wood Specific Gravity in the Development of Advanced-Generation Seed Orchards and Breeding Programs

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
J. T. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Advanced Generation

Abstract Data from thinnings of 11 genetic tests with an average age of 10 years and from 364 eight-year-old second-generation selections were analyzed to provide an estimate of gain from one cycle of selection for wood specific gravity. Utilizing mid-parent, mature, wood specific gravities and progeny juvenile wood specific gravities, coefficients of genetic prediction, CGP = 0.55 and 0.41, were calculated for the genetic test thinning sample and second-generation selection sample. Expressed as a percentage of the mean, gain from selection was calculated to be 2.6 percent. A strategy was also developed to include wood specific gravity in the North Carolina State Cooperative's second-generation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) improvement program. High heritability figures indicate little need to develop extensive family information for wood specific gravity in advanced-generation breeding programs.

Using volume-weighted average wood specific gravity of trees reduces bias in aboveground biomass predictions from forest volume data

2018 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Bienfaiteur Takougoum Sagang ◽  
Stéphane Takoudjou Momo ◽  
Moses Bakonck Libalah ◽  
Vivien Rossi ◽  
Noël Fonton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Average Wood

Radial Gradients in Wood Specific Gravity, Water and Gas Content in Trees of a Mexican Tropical Rain Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schüller ◽  
Miguel Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Peter Hietz
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity
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