STUDY OF TENS NAIL IN PAEDIATRIC RADIUS AND ULNA FRACTURE

Introduction: Forearm is considered as a functional joint, therefore near anatomical reduction is essential to regain normal supination and pronation. In older children many forearm fractures can be treated conservatively, but failures continue to occur despite good orthopaedic intentions. The fracture which are irreducible or unstable fracture which tends to re-displace needs surgical interventions. Among various surgical treatment one is internal xation using TENS. Various studies in the recent shows excellent to good clinical outcomes using TENS. Aims: Our study is intended to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes in paediatric both bone forearm fracture using TENS. Materials and methods: A total of 30 patients are included in our study. All are investigated, undergone preanesthetic check-up and taken for TENS application under image intensier. Nail diameter taken as 33-40% of narrowest diameter of diaphysys were introduced proximally in ulna and distally in radius under image intensier in closed manner. Postoperatively, patients encouraged for active shoulder, elbow and nger movements and suture removal done after 2 weeks. All patients are followed up to 24 week, when implant removal was done. Results: In our study 90% patients show excellent functional results. Conclusion: We conclude that TENS in both bone forearm fractures in adolescent age group in terms of union and range of motion is a minimally invasive and effective method of xation

Measurement of Surface Velocity in a 150 mm × 1270 mm Slab Continuous-Casting Mold

Surface velocity in the continuous-casting mold needs to be studied to better control the quality of steel products. In this paper, the measurement of surface velocity in a 150 mm × 1270 mm slab continuous-casting mold was investigated. Taking the slag layer into consideration, a numerical simulation was performed which was validated by a particle image velocimetry test. A nail-board experiment was also conducted to measure surface velocity in the continuous-casting mold. The effect of nail diameter used in nail-board experiment on the measurement of the surface velocity was also discussed to improve the precision of nail-board experiment result. The results showed that the maximum surface velocity was 0.739 m/s around the mid-section of the free surface, and the results of nail-board experiments were more accurate when the steel nail diameter was 10 mm.

Numerical Analysis of Soil Slope Stabilization by Soil Nailing Technique

Slope instability may be a result of change in stress conditions, rise in groundwater table and rainfall. Similarly, many slopes that have been stable for several years can abruptly fail due to changes in geometry, weak soil shear strength or as the effect of an external force. Debris flows (i.e. slope failures) take place without any warning and can have devastating results. So, it is vital to understand the slope failure mechanism and adopt safety prevention measures. Soil nailing is one of the widely used stabilization techniques for soil slopes. In this study, soil nail technique is proposed to upgrade the existing slope in clay. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of different nail diameter (i.e. 25mm and 40mm) and nail inclination (i.e. 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400) on slope stability. Morgenstern-Price (i.e. limit equilibrium) method was used to determine the factor of safety of the slope. It was found that the factor of safety of the existing slope improved significantly with three rows of 40mm diameter nail at an inclination of 400.

Parameter Sensitivity Analysis on Deformation of Composite Soil-Nailed Wall Using Artificial Neural Networks and Orthogonal Experiment

Based on the back-propagation algorithm of artificial neural networks (ANNs), this paper establishes an intelligent model, which is used to predict the maximum lateral displacement of composite soil-nailed wall. Some parameters, such as soil cohesive strength, soil friction angle, prestress of anchor cable, soil-nail spacing, soil-nail diameter, soil-nail length, and other factors, are considered in the model. Combined with thein situtest data of composite soil-nail wall reinforcement engineering, the network is trained and the errors are analyzed. Thus it is demonstrated that the method is applicable and feasible in predicting lateral displacement of excavation retained by composite soil-nailed wall. Extended calculations are conducted by using the well-trained intelligent forecast model. Through application of orthogonal table test theory, 25 sets of tests are designed to analyze the sensitivity of factors affecting the maximum lateral displacement of composite soil-nailing wall. The results show that the sensitivity of factors affecting the maximum lateral displacement of composite soil nailing wall, in a descending order, are prestress of anchor cable, soil friction angle, soil cohesion strength, soil-nail spacing, soil-nail length, and soil-nail diameter. The results can provide important reference for the same reinforcement engineering.

NILAI DESAIN ACUAN SAMBUNGAN KAYU GESER GANDA DENGAN PAKU BERPELAT SISI BAJA AKIBAT BEBAN UNI-AKSIAL TEKAN MENURUT BERBAGAI ANALISIS PENDEKATAN

The purposes of this research are to know the influence of woods specific gravity and nail diameter to reference design value in double shear timber connections with steel side plates nail on four species of Indonesian commercial wood according to various approximation analysis. Analysis is done to four values and it is compared with other research that has been done. This research result from testing which have done by Ziannita (2009) referred as approach of A; result of research of Sadiyo and Sriyanto (2009) and Mansur (2009) referred as approach of B; values referring at literature referred as approach of C and compressive-joint total load divided by nail amount and factor of safety referred as approach of D (Sadiyo and Sriyanto, 2009 and Mansur, 2009). Joint done by using four species of Indonesian commercial wood which is meranti merah (Shorea leprosula), mabang (Shorea pachyphylla), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and bangkirai (Shorea laevifolia). Nails that applied in this research are nail with diameter of 4.1 mm length of 10 cm, nail with diameter of 5.2 mm length of 12.5 cm and nail with diameter of 5.5 mm length of 15 cm. The calculation of this research is done according to National Design Specification for Wood Construction-2005. Analysis results indicate that wood specific gravity influence the strength of connection, excelsior wood specific gravity will produce high strength of connection also. This can be influenced by mechanical properties from wood such as maximum crushing strength. Bangkirai have higher specific gravity than three others wood but result approach of D shows that the connections assess reference design value which is lower compared with two other woods (kempas and mabang wood). Then, the bigger on nail diameter brings bigger strength of connection also, but this thing depends on the conditions from nail and quality of nail materials. Key words: compression loading, double shear connections, nail, reference design value, steel side plates.