scholarly journals HOMEOSTASIS CHANGE IN THE SMALL INTESTINE WITH DISTURBED REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW IN EARLY POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Anatol`evich Markos`yan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Ischemic Region ◽  
Oxygen Coefficient

Objective: A study of the ischemic damage course and regeneration in the small intestine with disturbed regional blood flow in early postnatal ontogenesis.Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 30 puppies at the age from 1 to 4 weeks. The state of regional blood flow in the ischemic area of the small intestine was investigated by blood filling of tissues, metabolism - by redox potential, oxygen pressure and diffusion oxygen coefficient, lipid peroxidation activity and catalase activity. Database formation and statistical calculations were performed using the applied programmes "Microsoft Excel", "ANOVA" for "Windows".Results: The performed research showed that in animals of early age pronounced microcirculatory disorders were observed. About this evidenced significant tissue bloodfilling in the ischemic region of the small intestine. Essential disorder of the blood supply in the organ naturally led to a pronounced fall in the redox potential, the oxygen pressure, and the diffusion oxygen coefficient in the tissues.On a level with the disturbances in the electrogenesis and tissue oxygenation, we found a significant diminution in their antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by a pronounced increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in catalytic activity. Insufficient oxygen supply of tissues caused the development of irreversible changes in the intestinal wall, the disorder of the organ motility with frequent appearance of small intestinal intussusception.Conclusions: A significant disturbance of the small intestine blood supply at the early age, caused by an operating trauma, leads to a pronounced decrease in electrical activity and oxygenation of the organ tissues, accompanied by marked metabolic disorders.Oxygen starvation of tissues in the ischemic region of the small intestine at the early age contributes to the development of irreversible changes in the intestinal wall, and frequent disruption of the regeneration process in this area. Keywords: small intestine; local ischemia; early age

scholarly journals Detecting Tissue Deterioration after Brain Injury: Regional Blood Flow Level versus Capacity to Raise Blood Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Feuerstein ◽  
Masatoshi Takagaki ◽  
Markus Gramer ◽  
Andrew Manning ◽  
Heike Endepols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Metabolite Exchange ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Energy Challenge

Regional cerebral blood flow ( rCBF) is spatially and temporally adjusted to local energy needs. This coupling involves dilation of vessels both at the site of metabolite exchange and upstream of the activated region. Deficits in upstream blood supply limit the ‘capacity to raise rCBF’ in response to functional activation and therefore compromise brain function. We here demonstrate in rats that the ‘capacity to raise rCBF’ can be determined from real-time measurements of rCBF using laser speckle imaging during an energy challenge induced by cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs). Cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs) occur with high incidence in stroke and various other brain injuries and cause large metabolic changes. Various conditions of cerebral perfusion were induced, either by modifying microvascular tone, or by altering upstream blood supply independently. The increase in rCBF per unit of time in response to CSD was linearly correlated to the upstream blood supply. In an experimental model of stroke, we found that this marker of the capacity to raise rCBF which, in pathologic tissue may be additionally limited by impaired vasoactive signaling, was a better indicator of the functional status of cerebral tissue than local rCBF levels.

Relation between small intestinal motility and circulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. G1-G15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Walus ◽  
E. D. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Total Blood

Effects of muscular activity on local blood flow have been delineated in other muscular organs but are part of a complex relationship in the small intestine. Some of our inability to provide a clear picture of the circulatory events surrounding intestinal motility relates to the variety of imprecise techniques that have been used to explore the relationship. Distension of the gut impedes blood flow through the intestinal wall, especially in the mucosa. Stimulation of motility evokes more variable responses in the intestinal circulation, including increases in blood flow; however, the circulatory response reflects mostly the nature of the intervention used to activate motility. Many motor stimuli in the gut have intrinsic vasoactive properties. Spontaneous motor events seem to have only small effects on total blood flow to the small intestine. Reduction in blood flow to the gut evokes initial increases in motility followed by inhibition of motor activity. Products of metabolism in the intestine influence both motor and vascular reactivity. More sensitive methods need to be developed to separate the types of intestinal motor activity, to localize mechanical events in specific sites in the wall of the gut, to better record electrical correlates of motility, and to measure local tissue blood flow. These technical developments will permit delineation of the linkage between motor and vascular events and should identify the regulatory factors.

Regional blood flow in newborn piglets during environmental cold stress

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. G308-G313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Mayfield ◽  
B. S. Stonestreet ◽  
A. M. Brubakk ◽  
P. W. Shaul ◽  
W. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Content ◽  
Newborn Piglets

Regional blood flow, oxygen delivery, and vascular resistance were determined in newborn piglets during a successful homeothermic response to environmental cold stress. Eight 3- to 4-day-old awake piglets were studied in a thermoneutral environment and 30, 45, and 60 min after onset of environmental cold stress. During cold stress, blood flow was significantly increased to skeletal muscle, the thermogenic organ, and decreased to the small intestine (P less than 0.05). Because arterial oxygen content (CaO2) was stable during the study, changes in oxygen delivery (CaO2 X blood flow) paralleled blood flow. Vascular resistance during cold stress was significantly decreased in skeletal muscle and increased in both the adrenals and the small intestine (P less than 0.05). We conclude that, during successful thermogenesis, the redistribution of cardiac output toward the thermogenic organ (skeletal muscle) is associated with a significant decrease in intestinal blood flow and oxygen delivery. This is not a passive process as evidenced by the coincident observation of increased intestinal vascular resistance.

Regional blood flow and O2 transport during hypoxic and CO hypoxia in neonatal and adult sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. H118-H124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Koehler ◽  
R. J. Traystman ◽  
M. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
O2 Transport

We compared regional blood flow in unanesthetized newborn lambs with that in adult sheep during acute, isocapnic hypoxic hypoxia [HH, 40-50% reduction of arterial O2 content (CaO2)]. The HH response in lambs and adults was qualitatively similar in heart, brain, and skeletal muscle, where flow increased; and in spleen, where it decreased. The response differed in skin and kidney, where flow decreased in lambs and was unchanged in adults, and in small intestine, where it was unchanged in lambs and increased in adults. Thus vasoconstriction during HH was less prominent in skin, kidney, and small intestine in adults. However, the trend toward lesser vasoconstriction in the adult cannot be attributed to a diminishing carotid chemoreflex and/or a more prominent vasodilatory lung inflation reflex because the same trend occurred during carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH). COH reduces CaO2 but stimulates neither the carotid chemoreflex nor, since hyperpnea is absent, the lung inflation reflex. Within each age group the responses to COH and HH were qualitatively the same. These data therefore provide no evidence for an active carotid chemoreflex in unanesthetized postnatal sheep. This is either because the peripheral circulatory effect of the chemoreflex is suppressed by the lung inflation reflex or, less likely, because the chemoreflex does not operate in the sheep at this level of HH.

scholarly journals Changes of pro- and antioxidant indicators in experimental animals under acute small bowel obstructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Svitlana Romanivna Pidruchna ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Benedyct ◽  
Volodymyr Ivanovych Piatnochka ◽  
Nataliia Anatoliiivna Melnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Acute Small Bowel Obstruction

Acute small bowel obstruction remains one of the most challenging nosologies in emergency surgery, leading to a pronounced imbalance between lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system. We aimed to study changes in the anti- and prooxidant status of serum and small intestine wall in an experiment modeling acute small bowel obstruction. The control group included 11 rats, and the main group included 42 rats (simulation of mechanical bowel obstruction on day 1 was conducted in 14 rats, on day 2 – in 12 rats, on day 3 – in 16 rats). Acute small bowel obstruction was modeled by ligation. Serum analysis and removal of the small intestinal wall were performed on days 1, 2, and 3. Indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and the imbalance between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection gradually increased from 1 to 3 days of observation. On day 3, the low level of aldehyde increased 1.3 times, and the level of superoxide dismutase decreased 1.2 times compared to the control group. Pathophysiological changes in the wall of the small intestine are caused by the activation of lipid peroxidation and the exhaustion antioxidant protection, whereby the degree of their severity increases depending on the increase in time from the moment of modeling of acute obstruction of the small intestine.

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