Book Reviews:Import Risk Analysis: Animals and Animal Products.;Exotic Pests & Diseases: Biology and Economics for Biosecurity;Borna Disease Virus and Its Role in Neurobehavioral Disease;Foot and Mouth Disease: Facing the New Dilemmas;Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine;Mycotoxins: Risks in Plant, Animal, and Human Systems ...

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204
Author(s):  
Wendy Fineblum Hall ◽  
James C. Wright ◽  
Massimo Palmarini ◽  
Martin E. Hugh-Jones ◽  
Jane Christopher-Hennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Borna Disease

scholarly journals Potential role of wildlife in the USA in the event of a foot-and-mouth disease virus incursion

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (24) ◽  
pp. 741-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vienna R Brown ◽  
Sarah N Bevins
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Usa

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) which affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed species. The FMD-free status of the USA and the tremendous economic impact of a virus incursion motivated the development of this evaluation of the potential role of wildlife in the event of a virus introduction. Additionally, this manuscript contains a summary of US vulnerabilities for viral incursion and persistence which focuses specifically on the possible role of wildlife. The legal movement of susceptible live animals, animal products, by-products and animal feed containing animal products pose a risk of virus introduction and spread. Additionally, the illegal movement of FMD-susceptible animals and their products and an act of bioterrorism present additional routes where FMDV could be introduced to the USA. Therefore, robust surveillance and rapid diagnostics in the face of a possible introduction are essential for detecting and controlling FMD as quickly as possible. Wildlife species and feral pigs present an added complexity in the case of FMDV introduction as they are typically not closely monitored or managed and there are significant logistical concerns pertaining to disease surveillance and control in these populations. Recommendations highlight the need to address existing knowledge gaps relative to the potential role of wildlife in FMDV introduction events.

scholarly journals Constitutive Expression of Alpha Interferon by Skin Dendritic Cells Confers Resistance to Infection by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 4838-4847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elida M. Bautista ◽  
Geoffrey S. Ferman ◽  
Douglas Gregg ◽  
Mario C. S. Brum ◽  
Marvin J. Grubman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT The role of dendritic cells (DC) in the initiation of immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is poorly understood. We analyzed the innate response of freshly isolated swine skin DC to the virus and show a rapid induction of beta interferon (IFN-β) mRNA but not IFN-α mRNA. However, these DC secreted both IFN-α and IFN-β proteins in response to live virus but not killed virus. Furthermore, the surface expression of swine major histocompatibility complex class II (SLA II) or CD80/CD86 molecules and antigen processing functions were not affected by FMDV exposure. Given the demonstrated sensitivity of FMDV to IFN-α/β, there was no productive or nonproductive infection of these cells. Finally, freshly isolated skin DC constitutively expressed intracellular IFN-α protein in the absence of stimulation, with no detectable secretion of the cytokine until virus exposure. In situ analysis of these DC showed that these cells express and store IFN-α in uninfected animals. This is the first demonstration of the constitutive expression of IFN-α in resident, tissue-derived DC and indicates that skin DC can play an important role in the innate immune response of swine to viral infections.

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
S. S. Breese ◽  
H. L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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