Effect of blood contamination on results of dipstick evaluation and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio for urine samples from dogs and cats

Objectives The objective was to compare urine protein, urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) index between cats with idiopathic cystitis and clinically normal cats. Methods Urine and blood samples were collected from 19 clinically normal cats and 19 cats with idiopathic cystitis without azotaemia at the time of first presentation. Urine protein, urine creatinine and UPC were measured. Additionally, the urinary NAG concentration was measured using the colorimetric method, and the NAG index was calculated by dividing the urinary NAG concentration by the urine creatinine ratio. Results Urine protein concentration (mean ± SEM) was four times higher in cats with idiopathic cystitis (218.29 ± 58.95) than in clinically normal cats (56.13 ± 9.95) (P <0.05). The UPC (mean ± SEM) of cats with idiopathic cystitis (0.70 ± 0.19) was also five times higher than that of clinically normal cats (0.14 ± 0.02) (P <0.05). The mean ± SEM NAG index in cats with idiopathic cystitis (4.79 ± 1.53 U/g) was two times higher than that in clinically normal cats (2.14 ± 0.48 U/g). The log UPC was positively correlated with the log NAG index in cats with idiopathic cystitis at moderate levels (r2 = 0.512; P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance Cats with idiopathic cystitis had increased amounts of urine protein and an increased UPC. Further study is needed to address the role of urinary NAG and its relationship with glycosaminoglycan levels in cats with idiopathic cystitis.

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STUDY EVALUATION OF URINE PROTEIN/URINE CREATININE RATIO FOR QUANTIFICATION OF PROTEINURIA IN RAPID AND RELIABLE DIAGNOSIS OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2018/667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (47) ◽

pp. 3282-3287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bhimisetti Srinivasa Chakravarthy ◽

Surath Prathima Devi

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Urine Protein ◽

Urine Creatinine ◽

Study Evaluation ◽

Reliable Diagnosis

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Noninvasive sampling method for urinalysis and urine protein profile in captive giraffes

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720975370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 25-34

Author(s):

Sabrina Fasoli ◽

Enea Ferlizza ◽

Giulia Andreani ◽

Camillo Sandri ◽

Francesco Dondi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Profile ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Urine Protein ◽

Noninvasive Methods ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Urine Creatinine ◽

Sds Page ◽

In Captivity ◽

Animal Handling

Urinalysis could be helpful to investigate the health status of giraffes held in captivity using noninvasive methods to avoid animal handling or anesthesia. We collected 52 voided urine samples from 20 giraffes of different ages, sexes, and subspecies from the ground. To evaluate potential interference by soil contaminants, a pilot study was performed using 20 urine samples obtained from 10 cows. All bovine and 29 giraffe samples were subjected to routine urinalysis including urine specific gravity (USG). All samples were analyzed for urine total protein (uTP), urine creatinine (uCrea) concentration, and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio (UPC). Urinary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. No significant differences were determined between free-catch and urine sampled from the ground in cows. Giraffe urine was pale-yellow, with alkaline pH (>8.0) and a mean USG of 1.035 ± 0.013. The uTP, uCrea, and UPC expressed as median (range) were 0.20 (0.08–0.47) g/L, 2.36 (0.62–5.2) g/L, and 0.08 (0.05–0.15), respectively. SDS-PAGE allowed the separation of protein bands with different molecular masses, including putative uromodulin at 90 kD, putative albumin at 64 kD, and putative immunoglobulin heavy and light chains at 49 kD and 25 kD, respectively. Urine collection from the ground appears to be a reliable technique for urinalysis and urine electrophoresis in giraffes.

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Does blood contamination of urine compromise interpretation of the urine protein to creatinine ratio in dogs?

New Zealand Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1080/00480169.2018.1556129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 74-78

Author(s):

EKP Jillings ◽

RA Squires ◽

S Azarpeykan ◽

N Lopez-Villalobos

Keyword(s):

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Urine Protein ◽

Blood Contamination

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Twenty-Four–Hour Bence-Jones Protein Determinations: Can We Ensure Accuracy?

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2010-0547-oar ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 135 (8) ◽

pp. 1048-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jennifer S Kaplan ◽

Gary L Horowitz

Keyword(s):

Urine Samples ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Bence Jones Protein ◽

Creatinine Excretion ◽

Urine Creatinine ◽

Light Chain Disease ◽

Variation Range ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Current Guidelines

Context.—Light chain disease represents 15% to 20% of cases of multiple myeloma. Current guidelines recommend monitoring these patients with 24-hour urine collections. Objective.—To determine the reliability of 24-hour urine collections in assessing the amount of Bence-Jones protein (BJP). Design.—We included all patients from our institution from 2003 through 2008 with BJP who had more than four 24-hour urine collections. We compared BJP excretion calculated from the submitted 24-hour collection with BJP excretion calculated by normalizing the collection to that patient's mean 24-hour creatinine excretion. We also looked at differences in serial values with these 2 methods. In addition, we evaluated the feasibility of using random urine samples to determine BJP excretion. Results.—A total of 14 patients with 135 24-hour urine collections met our inclusion criteria. The 24-hour urine creatinine excretion for each patient, which should be reasonably constant, varied considerably (coefficient of variation range 12%–30%). Differences in the 2 methods of calculating BJP excretion ranged from −1588 to 2315 mg/d. Among a total of 121 serial 24-hour measurements, the differences were clinically significant in 37 (30%). Among a total of 23 random urine samples from 11 of these patients submitted within 10 days of a 24-hour collection, the estimated BJP excretion appeared to be accurate in at least 18 (78%). Conclusions.—Twenty-four–hour urine collections for BJP are, in practice, often misleading. At a minimum, one should verify that the 24-hour creatinine excretion is accurate. In addition, it may be possible to use the protein/creatinine ratio from random urine samples to determine 24-hour BJP excretion.

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