Reducing bias in risk indices for COVID-19

Spatiotemporal modelling of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves using a variety of epidemiological metrics such as regional proportion of cases and/or regional positivity rates. Although observing changes of these indices over time is critical to estimate the regional disease burden, the dynamical properties of these measures, as well as crossrelationships, are usually not systematically given or explained. Here we provide a spatiotemporal framework composed of six commonly used and newly constructed epidemiological metrics and conduct a case study evaluation. We introduce a refined risk estimate that is biased neither by variation in population size nor by the spatial heterogeneity of testing. In particular, the proposed methodology would be useful for unbiased identification of time periods with elevated COVID-19 risk without sensitivity to spatial heterogeneity of neither population nor testing coverage.We offer a case study in Poland that shows improvement over the bias of currently used methods. Our results also provide insights regarding regional prioritisation of testing and the consequences of potential synchronisation of epidemics between regions. The approach should apply to other infectious diseases and other geographical areas.

Issues of safe correction of gastroduodenal symptoms during pregnancy

Extragenital diseases make a great effect on the complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth. The lack of pregravidar preparation and somatic diagnostics lead to miscarriage, preeclampsia, and placental disorders. Therefore, the development of various algorithms for the management of pregnant women suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the safe correction of various gastroduodenal symptoms, which is sometimes characteristic of the gestation period, are relevant. The purpose of the study: evaluation and critical analysis of modern data in the field of diagnosis and safe correction of various gastroduodenal symptoms during pregnancy. Materials and methods. Collection of modern Russian and foreign literature sources on the correction of gastroduodenal pathology during pregnancy, generalization and critical analysis of this problem. Results. Heartburn, constipation, flatulence are the most common complaints during pregnancy. The causes of their occurrence are physiological features during gestation, aimed at the most favorable gestation of the fetus. The first-line preparations are alginates created on the basis of alginic acid of brown alga. Antacids have a number of disadvantages. Proton pump inhibitors are prescribed extremely rarely and cautiously during pregnancy. In case of constipation in pregnant women, it is recommended to prescribe lactulose preparations together with defoamers. Prebiotics perfectly regulate the work of the intestine. The etiology, mechanisms of occurrence, clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women were analyzed. Its possible prognoses and risks for the mother and fetus, the possibilities of diagnosis and correction are determined. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women cause difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. For the most optimal course of pregnancy, there are sufficiently effective gastroenterological drugs recommended so that the effect of treatment is maximized and the side effect is minimized.

Watermarking Images via Counting-Based Secret Sharing for Lightweight Semi-Complete Authentication

Watermarking is the process of embedding specific data to prove ownership copyright authentication. It is needed whenever media-files are used without proper permission is granted. The current watermarking challenge comes from the ownership proof especially as slight tampering occurs on the multimedia-file which injure the watermarking causing difficulty in its copyright proof. This paper proposes utilizing counting-based secret sharing strategy to allow validation of ownership RGB watermarking even if some of the image-file is interfered. We validate image watermarking partially as lightweight semi-complete verification, which is not possible in the normal random-stream watermarking schemes. Although the work is still in its early stage, it is promising research showing real attractive contribution opportunities. The work is tested and compared to other strategies in aspects of robustness, capacity, and security, providing attractive remarks worth noting. The study evaluation results showed interesting contribution believed to be pioneering.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Hair Oil

In the present study herbal Hair oils were formulated. Hair is one of the vital parts of the body and a protective appendage on the body and considered accessory structure of integument along with sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails. Hair oils are widely used by the consumer of the cosmetic industries. The hair oil samples comply for the requirements of color, odour, PH, Viscosity, Density, acid value. Present investigation was undertaken to standardize the selected herbal hair oils on physicochemical parameters and some standard. Excellent results were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oils preparation technique. Keyword: Herbal preparation, Hair oil, Acid value, Saponification value AIM: To Formulate & Evaluate Polyherbal Hair Oil. Objectives:  To collect information about Marketed herbal hair oils.  To prepare polyherbal hair oil.  To explore the use of Neem, Banyan tree of Arial root & Amla  To study evaluation of hair oil such as PH, Viscosity, Density, Refractive index, Acid value, Saponification value.  To achieve best formula for the hair oil using herbal ingredients.

Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Methodologies: Analysis and Future Directions

The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates in building cyber-physical systems, which are significant for Industry 4.0. Agent-based computing represents effective modeling, programming, and simulation paradigm to develop IoT systems. Agent concepts, techniques, methods, and tools are being used in evolving IoT systems. Over the last years, in particular, there has been an increasing number of agent approaches proposed along with an ever-growing interest in their various implementations. Yet a comprehensive and full-fledged agent approach for developing related projects is still lacking despite the presence of agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) methodologies. One of the moves towards compensating for this issue is to compile various available methodologies, ones that are comparable to the evolution of the unified modeling language (UML) in the domain of object-oriented analysis and design. These have become de facto standards in software development. In line with this objective, the present research attempts to comprehend the relationship among seven main AOSE methodologies. More specifically, we intend to assess and compare these seven approaches by conducting a feature analysis through examining the advantages and limitations of each competing process, structural analysis, and a case study evaluation method. This effort is made to address the significant characteristics of AOSE approaches. The main objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of selected AOSE methodologies and provide a proposal of a draft unified approach that drives strengths (best) of these methodologies towards advancement in this area.

A Meta-Analysis of the 16S-rRNA Gut Microbiome Data in Honeybees (Apis Mellifera)

Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) perform an essential role in the ecosystem and economy through pollination of insect-pollinated plants, but their population is declining. Many causes of honeybees' decline are likely to be influenced by the microbiome which is thought to play an important role in bees and is particularly susceptible to infection and pesticides. However, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis on honeybee microbiome data. Therefore, we conducted the first systematic meta-analysis of 16S-rRNA data to address this gap in the literature. Four studies were in a usable format - accounting for 336 honeybee's worth of data - the largest such dataset to the best of our knowledge. We analysed these datasets in QIIME2 and visualised the results in R-studio. For the first time, we conducted a multi-study evaluation of the core and rare bee microbiome and confirmed previous compositional microbiome data. We established that Snodgrassella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Fructobacillus and Saccaribacter form part of the core microbiome and identify 251 rare bacterial genera. Additional components of the core microbiome were likely obscured by incomplete classification. Future studies should refine and add to our existing dataset to produce a more conclusive and high-resolution portrait of the honeybee microbiome. Furthermore, we emphasise the need for an actively curated dataset and enforcement of data sharing standards.

Jurnal Implementasi Evaluasi Hasil Belajar Pada Sekolah Dengan Program Double Track Di Provinsi Jawa Timur

This paper examines implementation of study assessments in school with a double track program in East Java Indonesia. The method of study of libraries is the method used for this research to develop both theoretical and practical benefits for evaluating both learning and double-track programs. The findings show that the implementation of a study evaluation of schools with a double-track program working on goals. Students may obtain a certificate through partners in schools, just as schools may work with e-bizz for TIK, Airlangga Broadcasting for video making skills, SMET for mandarin skills, etc. A double track evaluation of results can be an alternative to solving the problem of the labor shortage and the amount of unemployment that results from lack of employment.

EVALUATION OF CAVITATION PERFORMANCE OF AN AXI-SYMMETRIC BODY WITH PUMPJET PROPULSOR

A Pumpjet (PJP) was designed for an underwater body (UWB) with an axi-symmetric configuration as part of a technology development program for design and development of pumpjet. Its propulsive and cavitation performances were predicted through CFD study. The propulsor design was evaluated for its propulsion characteristics through model tests conducted in a Wind Tunnel. In the concluding part of the study, evaluation of the cavitation performance of the pumpjet was undertaken in a Cavitation Tunnel (CT). In order to assess the cavitation free operational speeds and depths of the vehicle with respect to pumpjet, cavitation tests of the PJP were carried out in behind condition at CT to determine the cavitation inception numbers for rotor, stator and cowl. The model test results obtained were corrected for full scale Reynolds number and subsequently analyzed for cavitation inception speeds at different operating depths. This entire exercise facilitated the development of an innovative testing technique and a special test setup for finding cavitation performance of pumpjet propulsor. The technique was evaluated by comparative corroboration of inception position and depth obtained from CFD analysis. From the model tests it was also found that the cavitation inception of the rotor takes place on the tip face side at higher advance ratios and cavitation shifts towards the suction side as the shaft rotation rate increases whereas the stator and cowl are free from any cavitation.

Possibilities of correction of post viral other dysfunction in the application of COVID-19

Introduction. One of the characteristic manifestations of COVID-19 is a disorder of smell, which, according to the literature, occurs in 61.2% - 85.6% of patients with COVID-19. The article discusses the problems of post-viral dysosmia in COVID-19 convalescents. Purpose of the study. Evaluation of olfactory disorders in patients after coronavirus infection and the possibility of obtaining additional benefits from prescribing bioregulatory medicine drugs.Materials and methods. The assessment of the severity of olfactory disorders in patients, taking into account the age according to self-assessment data using a visual analogue scale, as well as an objective assessment of odor identification using the Sniffin ‘Sticks Screening 12 Test. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of recovery of olfactory disorders by prescribing complex preparations of bioregulatory therapy (main group) was studied.Results. The percentage of persons who fully restored the olfactory function in the main group was 56.5%, while in the patients of the control group only in 6.6%. Faster (on the 7th day) dynamics of identification testing using SST-12 in patients taking complex preparations of bioregulation therapy was noted. On the 3rd day of therapy, there was a significant decrease in anxiety in patients treated with bioregulatory drugs.Discussion. The conducted study objectively confirmed that the olfactory disorder is present in the vast majority of patients with ARS. The appointment of bioregulatory therapy contributes to the early restoration of the olfactory function.Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use bioregulatory drugs.