Association between antimicrobial treatment of subclinical pneumonia in foals and selection of macrolide- and rifampicin-resistant Rhodococcus equi strains at horse-breeding farms in central Kentucky

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-653
Author(s):  
Laura Huber ◽  
Steeve Giguère ◽  
Kelsey A. Hart ◽  
Nathan M. Slovis ◽  
Maggie E. Greiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Selection Of

Prevalence and risk factors associated with emergence of Rhodococcus equi resistance to macrolides and rifampicin in horse-breeding farms in Kentucky, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Huber ◽  
Steeve Giguère ◽  
Noah D. Cohen ◽  
Nathan M. Slovis ◽  
Amanda Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Epidemiology and Molecular Basis of Multidrug Resistance in Rhodococcus equi

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez ◽  
Laura Huber ◽  
Steeve Giguère ◽  
Kelsey A. Hart ◽  
Roy D. Berghaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

SUMMARY The development and spread of antimicrobial resistance are major concerns for human and animal health. The effects of the overuse of antimicrobials in domestic animals on the dissemination of resistant microbes to humans and the environment are of concern worldwide. Rhodococcus equi is an ideal model to illustrate the spread of antimicrobial resistance at the animal-human-environment interface because it is a natural soil saprophyte that is an intracellular zoonotic pathogen that produces severe bronchopneumonia in many animal species and humans. Globally, R. equi is most often recognized as causing severe pneumonia in foals that results in animal suffering and increased production costs for the many horse-breeding farms where the disease occurs. Because highly effective preventive measures for R. equi are lacking, thoracic ultrasonographic screening and antimicrobial chemotherapy of subclinically affected foals have been used for controlling this disease during the last 20 years. The resultant increase in antimicrobial use attributable to this “screen-and-treat” approach at farms where the disease is endemic has likely driven the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) R. equi in foals and their environment. This review summarizes the factors that contributed to the development and spread of MDR R. equi, the molecular epidemiology of the emergence of MDR R. equi, the repercussions of MDR R. equi for veterinary and human medicine, and measures that might mitigate antimicrobial resistance at horse-breeding farms, such as alternative treatments to traditional antibiotics. Knowledge of the emergence and spread of MDR R. equi is of broad importance for understanding how antimicrobial use in domestic animals can impact the health of animals, their environment, and human beings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Virulence Plasmids in Environmental Isolates of Rhodococcus equi from Horse-Breeding Farms in Hokkaido.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji TAKAI ◽  
Tohru ANZAI ◽  
Katsushi YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Seiko KAKIZAKI ◽  
Junko TAKAHAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Virulence Plasmids ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

scholarly journals Prevalence of Virulence Plasmids in Soil Isolates of Rhodococcus equi from 5 Horse-Breeding Farms in Argentina.

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teotimo BECU ◽  
Tsutomu KAKUDA ◽  
Shiro TSUBAKI ◽  
Shinji TAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Virulence Plasmids ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their environment on horse-breeding farms

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takai ◽  
T. Fujimori ◽  
K. Katsuzaki ◽  
S. Tsubaki
Keyword(s):  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Molecular Characterization of Rhodococcus equi from Horse-Breeding Farms by Means of Multiplex PCR for the vap Gene Family

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Monego ◽  
Franciele Maboni ◽  
Cristina Krewer ◽  
Agueda Vargas ◽  
Mateus Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates of horse breeding farms from an endemic region in South of Brazil by multiplex PCR

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina da Costa Krewer ◽  
Dênis Augusto Spricigo ◽  
Sônia de Avila Botton ◽  
Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa ◽  
Irene Schrank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Breeding Farms

scholarly journals Comparison of three antimicrobial strategies in diabetic foot infections post-amputation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 204993611986454
Author(s):  
Samarth P. Shah ◽  
Ana Negrete ◽  
Timothy Self ◽  
Jaclyn Bergeron ◽  
Jennifer D. Twilla
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Optimal Route ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The 2012 Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend antimicrobial treatment of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) post-amputation, but the optimal route and duration are poorly defined. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the selection of a specific antimicrobial treatment modality affected hospital and patient outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective review of hospital admissions of adults admitted to ourhealthcare system with a primary diagnosis of DFIs post-amputation. The groups were separated into patients who received intravenous antimicrobials (IV), oral antimicrobials (PO), or no antimicrobials (NA). Outcomes included average length of stay among others. Results: Of the 200 patients screened, 120 patients were included (IV n = 72; PO n = 20; NA n = 28). No statistically significant differences were identified in average LOS (IV = 9.97 ± 5.85, PO = 8.83 ± 7.37, NA = 9.33 ± 5.91 days; p = 0.73). However, post-operative (post-op) LOS was significantly shorter in the PO group (PO = 3.43 ± 2.56, IV = 7.34 ± 5.95, NA = 5.81 ± 4.18 days; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that a PO antimicrobial treatment strategy post amputation for DFIs has the potential to decrease post-op LOS without increasing the risk of readmission. Based on the results of our study, we feel consideration should be given to transition to oral antimicrobials soon after amputation to facilitate discharge and decrease the utilization of intravenous antimicrobials.

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