BEHAVIORALLY FRACTIONATED REACTION TIME TO AN OMITTED STIMULUS: TESTS WITH VISUAL, AUDITORY, AND TACTILE STIMULI

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
OSCAR H. HERNANDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Tactile Stimuli

Representation of tactile signals in primate supplementary motor area

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2690-2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Romo ◽  
S. Ruiz ◽  
P. Crespo ◽  
A. Zainos ◽  
H. Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Time Period ◽  
All Speeds

1. We have studied the neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) of two monkeys who categorized the speed of moving tactile stimuli delivered to the glabrous skin of the hand ipsilateral to the site of cortical recording and contralateral to the responding arm. 2. A large number of SMA neurons responded to the stimuli of all speeds (176 of 522) but only when those stimuli controlled behavior. 3. A second class of SMA neurons responded differentially in the categorization task (35 during the stimuli and 51 during the reaction time period) and predicted its outcome. 4. To dissociate the interrupt target switches presses from the tactile categorization responses, sixteen neurons, which responded to the stimuli in all speeds, and 11 neurons, which discharged differentially, were tested in a visual control task. None of these two classes of neurons responded in this situation. 5. It is concluded that the SMA ipsilateral to sensory input and contralateral to the responding arm is involved in the sensory decision process in this somesthetic categorization task.

Behaviorally Fractionated Reaction Time to an Omitted Stimulus: Tests with Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Stimuli

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1066-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Teresita C. Huchín-Ramirez ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Behavioral Criteria ◽  
Muscle Potential

Two experiments tested the adequacy of behavioral criteria to fractionate reaction time (RT) into independent premotor (cognitive) and motor components. Healthy participants performed an omitted stimulus reaction time task in which they responded to the termination of a train of lateralized visual, auditory or tactile stimuli. Exp. 1 with 48 participants (24 men) showed premotor RT was independent of motor RT in each sensory modality and did not differ as a function of side of presentation or sex. Repeated tests administered in Exp. 2 ( N = 12) also showed no significant association between the behaviorally fractionated measures. These results are comparable to those obtained using muscle potential to fractionate RT and suggest behaviorally fractionated premotor and motor RT could be a reliable, useful tool in the assessment of cognitive and motor processing in different sensory modalities of healthy people or those with brain injury, disease, or drug-induced disturbances.

Orienting Attention to Points in Time Improves Stimulus Processing Both within and across Modalities

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Lange ◽  
Brigitte Röder
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Time Experiment ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spatial attention affects the processing of stimuli of both a task-relevant and a task-irrelevant modality. The present study investigated if similar cross-modal effects exist when attention is oriented to a point in time. Short (600 msec) and long (1200 msec) empty intervals, marked by a tactile onset and an auditory or a tactile offset marker, were presented. In each block, the participants had to attend one interval and one modality. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to auditory and tactile offset markers of attended as compared to unattended intervals were characterized by an enhancement of early negative deflections of the auditory and somatosensory ERPs (audition, 100–140 msec; touch, 130–180 msec) when audition or touch was task relevant, respectively. Similar effects were found for auditory stimuli when touch was task relevant. An additional reaction time experiment revealed faster responses to both auditory and tactile stimuli at the attended as compared to the unattended point in time, irrespective of which modality was primary. Both behavioral and ERP data show that attention can be focused on a point in time, which results in a more efficient processing of auditory and tactile stimuli. The ERP data further suggest that a relative enhancement at perceptual processing stages contributes to the processing advantage for temporally attended stimuli. The existence of cross-modal effects of temporal attention underlines the importance of time as a feature for binding input across different modalities.

scholarly journals Reaction Times for Esport Competitors and Traditional Physical Athletes are Faster than Noncompetitive Peers

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Anh Luu ◽  
Avory Winans ◽  
Rema Suniga ◽  
Vicki A. Motz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
College Football ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Post Hoc

Reaction time (RT), time to respond to a stimulus, has been shown to be faster among traditional physical athletes and esport competitors than nonathletes/noncompetitors; however, no comparison has been made between traditional physical athletes and esport competitors. This research examined RTs of healthy 18 to 22 year-old college football athletes, esport competitors, and a control group (n = 12 for each group). RT (ms) to visual (color cue test, ruler drop test), auditory (sound cue test), and tactile stimuli (probe grabbing test) was collected in duplicate. RTs for individual tests and calculated composite RTs were compared between groups by ANOVA and post hoc t-tests. RTs to auditory stimuli were significantly slower than to visual or tactile stimuli (F(140, 3) = 286.5, p = 0.0000). Esport competitors significantly outperformed noncompetitive controls in probe grabbing (p = 0.0175) and ruler drop tests (p = 0.0016). Football players had similar faster RTs in probe grabbing (p = 0.0002) and ruler drop tests (p = 0.0013) compared to controls. Esport competitors also had significantly faster RTs in the color cue test than controls (p = 0.05). Although esport competitors and football athletes had faster composite RTs than controls (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0104, respectively), RTs between esport competitors and football athletes were not significantly different. A trend was seen in that esport competitors had faster RTs than football athletes in all tests except probe grabbing. Involvement in esports or football is positively correlated with faster RT, although it is not demonstrated whether play improves RT or those with inherently faster RTs tend to excel in activities requiring rapid response.

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