scholarly journals Reaction Times for Esport Competitors and Traditional Physical Athletes are Faster than Noncompetitive Peers

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Anh Luu ◽  
Avory Winans ◽  
Rema Suniga ◽  
Vicki A. Motz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
College Football ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Post Hoc

Reaction time (RT), time to respond to a stimulus, has been shown to be faster among traditional physical athletes and esport competitors than nonathletes/noncompetitors; however, no comparison has been made between traditional physical athletes and esport competitors. This research examined RTs of healthy 18 to 22 year-old college football athletes, esport competitors, and a control group (n = 12 for each group). RT (ms) to visual (color cue test, ruler drop test), auditory (sound cue test), and tactile stimuli (probe grabbing test) was collected in duplicate. RTs for individual tests and calculated composite RTs were compared between groups by ANOVA and post hoc t-tests. RTs to auditory stimuli were significantly slower than to visual or tactile stimuli (F(140, 3) = 286.5, p = 0.0000). Esport competitors significantly outperformed noncompetitive controls in probe grabbing (p = 0.0175) and ruler drop tests (p = 0.0016). Football players had similar faster RTs in probe grabbing (p = 0.0002) and ruler drop tests (p = 0.0013) compared to controls. Esport competitors also had significantly faster RTs in the color cue test than controls (p = 0.05). Although esport competitors and football athletes had faster composite RTs than controls (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0104, respectively), RTs between esport competitors and football athletes were not significantly different. A trend was seen in that esport competitors had faster RTs than football athletes in all tests except probe grabbing. Involvement in esports or football is positively correlated with faster RT, although it is not demonstrated whether play improves RT or those with inherently faster RTs tend to excel in activities requiring rapid response.

Some Factors Affecting Reaction Times to Auditory Stimuli in Mental Patients

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (419) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
E. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Personal Equation ◽  
Work Up

A number of studies on reaction time (R.T.) latency to visual and auditory stimuli in psychotic patients has been reported since the first investigations on the personal equation were carried out. The general trends from the work up to 1943 are well summarized by Hunt (1944), while Granger's (1953) review of “Personality and visual perception” contains a summary of the studies on R.T. to visual stimuli.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Light Reaction Exercises on Agility-Quickness and Reaction Time of the U-20 Eootball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11a) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Onur Vurmaz ◽  
Bergun Meric Bingul
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
Reaction Speed ◽  
Effect Of Light

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of light reaction exercises on agility-quickness and reaction time of the U-20 Eootball Players. 20 male football players from the YeniMalatyaspor participated in this study voluntarily. T-test for agility-quickness, foot reaction test with Light-Trainer device for foot reaction speed were done before and after trainings. While the control group continued with the standard training, the exercise group performed the standard training exercises with Light-Trainer device for eight weeks. According to the results, the exercise group improved statistically (p<0.05). İt was observed that the exercises performed with Light-Trainer device had positive effects on agility-quickness and reaction speed over U-20 football players and  improved their features. İt was thought that such education would be very useful in the cognitive training of young athletes.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Zolmitriptan Nanoparticles in Experimental Animal Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Farshid Ali Naghi Zadeh Khezri ◽  
Dr. Shachindra L. Nargund ◽  
Dr. C. S. R. Lakshmi ◽  
Dr. L. V. G. Nargund ◽  
Dr. Reza Alisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug

Background: Zolmitriptan is used to treat migraine and certain other headaches. This study has been done to prepare specific Zolmitriptan Nano-nasal spray (Z-NPS) by ion gelation technique to evaluate the efficacy of analgesic activity of test drug as a nano nasal spray of Zolmitriptan (Z-NPS) and conventional preparation as a standard drug (Zolmist) against Nitro-glycerine induced migraine. The study was performed on mice by using hot plate method. Methods: In this study male Swiss albino mice weighing between 25-30 grams were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. Zolmitriptan loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Z-NPS) was administered nasally (using specific inhalation mask) at a dose of 5 mg/kg and was compared with the control group which received water for injection and the standard drug Zolmitriptan (Zolmist) at a same dose in mice induced migraine using hot plate method. Reaction times were measured at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Results: The test drug (Z-NPS) at a dose of 5 mg/kg after 10 minutes of drug administration showed an increase in the reaction time compared to the standard drug (Zolmist) at same dose of drug administration. However, Z-NPS showed significant increase in the reaction time after 10 minutes as compared to Zolmist. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan has significant analgesic properties in central-analgesic model i.e. Hot-plate method. The test drug could be used for anti-migraine activity.

Functional Locus of Intensity Effects in Choice Reaction Time Tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Izabela Szumska ◽  
Edyta Sasin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Functional Locus ◽  
Readiness Potentials

Long reaction times (RT) paradoxically occur with extremely loud auditory stimuli ( Van der Molen & Keuss, 1979 , 1981 ) or with ultrabright and large visual stimuli ( Jaśkowski & Włodarczyk, 2006 ) when the task requires a response choice. Van der Molen and Keuss (1981 ) hypothesized that this effect results from an arousal-driven elongation of response-selection processes. We tested this hypothesis using visual stimuli and chronopsychophysiological markers. The results showed that the latency of both early (P1 recorded at Oz) and late (P300) evoked potentials decreased monotonically with intensity. In contrast, the latency of stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials (LRP) abruptly increased for the most intense stimuli, thus mirroring the reaction time–intensity relationship. Response-locked LRPs revealed no dependency on intensity. These findings suggest that the processes responsible for the van der Molen-Keuss effect influence processing stages that are completed before the onset of LRP. The van der Molen-Keuss effect likely occurs later than those represented by early sensory potentials. This is in keeping with the hypothesis of van der Molen-Keuss.

Decisions concerning the Rejected Channel

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everdina A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Verbal Messages

It was thought that the physical aspects of auditory stimuli were possibly transmitted via separate pathways from those transmitting the verbal aspects. Three experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. In these experiments subjects had to perform a shadowing task and had to respond simultaneously on response keys to pips superimposed in either ear on verbal messages. The response to these pips was of increasing complexity, in that it was a simple reaction time which was measured in the first experiment, a choice reaction time in the second experiment and a more complex choice reaction time in the third experiment. Subjects were able to perform these tests although the increasing difficulty was reflected in longer reaction times and more errors. The reaction times to the pips presented to the ear which was not being shadowed were slower, and the errors, made to pips in both channels, were “false positives” rather than errors of omission. These results were taken as favouring the hypothesis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static Balance Exercises on Reaction Time in Sedentary Female Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Hakan Acar ◽  
Ayça Genç
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of 8 week static balance exercises on reaction time. 38 sedentary female students voluntarily participated in the study. The volunteers were selected randomly and were separated into 2 groups as the experiment group (n=19) and the control group (n=19). While the experiment group participated in static balance exercises in their physical education lessons for 8 weeks, the control group only participated in the physical education lessons. The visual and auditory reaction times of the samples were carried out with the Newtest 1000 device as pre-test and post-test. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 20.0 statistical software program and since there was no normal distribution, the wilcoxon signed rank test which is one of the non-parametrical tests was carried out and the significance level was determined as p<0.05. The age average of the volunteers (n=38), was determined as 15.8±1,50 years, height averages as 160,3±5,48 cm and body weight averages as 53,33±7,50 kg. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was found that there was no significant differences in either of the groups between the pre-rest and post-test visual and auditory reactions (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that 8 week balance tests did not affect the visual and auditory reaction times of the female students.

Influence of Sleep Deprivation and Auditory Intensity on Reaction Time and Response Force

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1101-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Włodarczyk ◽  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Nowik
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Auditory Intensity ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Sleep Deficit

Arousal and activation are two variables supposed to underlie change in response force. This study was undertaken to explain these roles, specifically, for strong auditory stimuli and sleep deficit. Loud auditory stimuli can evoke phasic over-arousal whereas sleep deficit leads to general underarousal. Moreover, Van der Molen and Keuss. (1979, 1981) showed that paradoxically long reaction times occurred with extremely strong auditory stimuli when the task was difficult, e.g., choice reaction or Simon paradigm. It was argued that this paradoxical behavior related to reaction time is due to active disconnecting of the coupling between arousal and activation to prevent false responses. If so, we predicted that for extremely loud stimuli and for difficult tasks, the lengthening of reaction time should be associated with reduction of response force. The effects of loudness and sleep deficit on response time and force were investigated in three different tasks: simple response, choice response, and Simon paradigm. According to our expectation, we found a detrimental effect of sleep deficit on reaction time and on response force. In contrast to Van der Molen and Keuss, we found no increase in reaction time for loud stimuli (up to 110 dB) even on the Simon task.

scholarly journals Effects of Protective American Football Headgear on Peripheral Vision Reaction Time and Visual Target Detection in Division I NCAA Football Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Miller ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
Mallory R. Marshall ◽  
Justin R. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Reaction Time Test

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of protective football headgear on peripheral vision reaction time and visual target detection. Twenty-five Division I NCAA football players (age = 20.5 yrs ± 0.9, height = 185.9 cm ± 6.8, body mass = 99.2 kg ± 19.2, BMI = 29.6 ± 4.5) participated. In a crossover counterbalanced study design, subjects participated in one visit with three conditions: Baseline (BL) without headgear, helmet only (HO), helmet with an eye shield (HE). Subjects completed a 1-min peripheral vision reaction time test for each condition separated by 3-min recovery periods. Tests were administered using a 64 light Dynavision D2 Visuomotor board. Target detection (total hit score) was higher during BL than HO (p < 0.001) and HE (p < 0.001). Average (p < 0.001), peak (p < 0.001), minimum (p < 0.001), and median (p < 0.001) peripheral reaction times were faster during BL than HO and HE. No significant differences were observed for any measures between HO and HE conditions (p > 0.05). Findings indicate that protective football headgear impaired reaction time to peripheral visual stimuli. The addition of an eye shield to the helmet had a small non-significant effect on reaction time and target detection. These results may hold important implications in helmet design and player safety.

Prolongation of Simple Manual and Vocal Reaction Times in Down Syndrome

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila E. Henderson ◽  
Sheelagh M. Illingworth ◽  
John Allen
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Mental Age

This study addressed the question of whether there is a specific reaction time deficit in individuals with Down syndrome. To investigate this question, the manual and vocal reaction times of 18 Down syndrome and 2 control groups were compared. One control group consisted of intellectually handicapped children matched on intellectual ability, the other consisted of younger nonhandicapped children also of similar mental age. The results confirmed that a specific RT deficit does indeed exist and is present for both manual and vocal responses.

Orienting Attention to Points in Time Improves Stimulus Processing Both within and across Modalities

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Lange ◽  
Brigitte Röder
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Time Experiment ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spatial attention affects the processing of stimuli of both a task-relevant and a task-irrelevant modality. The present study investigated if similar cross-modal effects exist when attention is oriented to a point in time. Short (600 msec) and long (1200 msec) empty intervals, marked by a tactile onset and an auditory or a tactile offset marker, were presented. In each block, the participants had to attend one interval and one modality. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to auditory and tactile offset markers of attended as compared to unattended intervals were characterized by an enhancement of early negative deflections of the auditory and somatosensory ERPs (audition, 100–140 msec; touch, 130–180 msec) when audition or touch was task relevant, respectively. Similar effects were found for auditory stimuli when touch was task relevant. An additional reaction time experiment revealed faster responses to both auditory and tactile stimuli at the attended as compared to the unattended point in time, irrespective of which modality was primary. Both behavioral and ERP data show that attention can be focused on a point in time, which results in a more efficient processing of auditory and tactile stimuli. The ERP data further suggest that a relative enhancement at perceptual processing stages contributes to the processing advantage for temporally attended stimuli. The existence of cross-modal effects of temporal attention underlines the importance of time as a feature for binding input across different modalities.

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