Reaction-Time and Regularity of Inter-Stimulus Interval

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. McCormack ◽  
A. W. Prysiazniuk
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval

Reaction Time to a Second Stimulus as a Function of Intensity of the First Stimulus

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval ◽  
Double Response ◽  
The Difference

Reaction time (RT) to the second of two stimuli presented in rapid succession was examined as a function of the intensity of the first stimulus (S1). It was found that the delay in RT2 was greater following a dim first stimulus than following a bright first stimulus. The magnitude of this increase corresponded to the difference in RTs to the two intensity levels of S1. These results support the prediction of a single channel model of response selection. Examination of mean first RTs revealed a general elevation in latency of RT. However, since this increase was not influenced by the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) or by the intensity of the second stimulus (S2), and since the same increase was found on “catch trials“ where no S2 was presented, this increase is considered to be a function of change in set in the double response situation.

scholarly journals Manipulations of the Response-Stimulus Intervals as a Factor Inducing Controlled Amount of Reaction Time Intra-Individual Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Paweł Krukow ◽  
Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik ◽  
Arkadiusz Podkowiński
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Response Stimulus

Aggrandized fluctuations in the series of reaction times (RTs) are a very sensitive marker of neurocognitive disorders present in neuropsychiatric populations, pathological ageing and in patients with acquired brain injury. Even though it was documented that processing inconsistency founds a background of higher-order cognitive functions disturbances, there is a vast heterogeneity regarding types of task used to compute RT-related variability, which impedes determining the relationship between elementary and more complex cognitive processes. Considering the above, our goal was to develop a relatively new assessment method based on a simple reaction time paradigm, conducive to eliciting a controlled range of intra-individual variability. It was hypothesized that performance variability might be induced by manipulation of response-stimulus interval’s length and regularity. In order to verify this hypothesis, a group of 107 healthy students was tested using a series of digitalized tasks and their results were analyzed using parametric and ex-Gaussian statistics of RTs distributional markers. In general, these analyses proved that intra-individual variability might be evoked by a given type of response-stimulus interval manipulation even when it is applied to the simple reaction time task. Collected outcomes were discussed with reference to neuroscientific concepts of attentional resources and functional neural networks.

Inter-stimulus interval in audiometry for neonates

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford E. Gerber ◽  
Traci K. Davis ◽  
Kathleen M. Mastrini
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval

scholarly journals Effects of Inter-Stimulus Interval on Speech-Evoked Frequency-Following Response in Elderly Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxin Liu ◽  
Jiong Hu ◽  
Ruijuan Dong ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Gabriella Musacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval

scholarly journals A low-cost auditory multi-class brain-computer interface based on pitch, spatial and timbre cues

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias Vamvakousis ◽  
Rafael Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Information Transfer Rate ◽  
Cord Injury

P300-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are especially useful for people with illnesses, which prevent them from communicating in a normal way (e.g. brain or spinal cord injury). However, most of the existing P300-based BCI systems use visual stimulation which may not be suitable for patients with sight deterioration (e.g. patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Moreover, P300-based BCI systems rely on expensive equipment, which greatly limits their use outside the clinical environment. Therefore, we propose a multi-class BCI system based solely on auditory stimuli, which makes use of low-cost EEG technology. We explored different combinations of timbre, pitch and spatial auditory stimuli (TimPiSp: timbre-pitch-spatial, TimSp: timbre-spatial, and Timb: timbre-only) and three inter-stimulus intervals (150ms, 175ms and 300ms), and evaluated our system by conducting an oddball task on 7 healthy subjects. This is the first study in which these 3 auditory cues are compared. After averaging several repetitions in the 175ms inter-stimulus interval, we obtained average selection accuracies of 97.14%, 91.43%, and 88.57% for modalities TimPiSp, TimSp, and Timb, respectively. Best subject’s accuracy was 100% in all modalities and inter-stimulus intervals. Average information transfer rate for the 150ms inter-stimulus interval in the TimPiSp modality was 14.85 bits/min. Best subject’s information transfer rate was 39.96 bits/min for 175ms Timbre condition. Based on the TimPiSp modality, an auditory P300 speller was implemented and evaluated by asking users to type a 12-characters-long phrase. Six out of 7 users completed the task. The average spelling speed was 0.56 chars/min and best subject’s performance was 0.84 chars/min. The obtained results show that the proposed auditory BCI is successful with healthy subjects and may constitute the basis for future implementations of more practical and affordable auditory P300-based BCI systems.

Lack of Age-Dependent Development of the Contingent Negative Variation (Cnv) in Migraine Children?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bender ◽  
M Weisbrod ◽  
U Just ◽  
U Pfüller ◽  
P Parzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽  
Age Dependent

Increased negativity of contingent negative variation (CNV) in adult migraineurs is thought to reflect cortical hyperexcitability. CNV amplitude changes with age in healthy adults. Recently, evidence emerged that this might not be the case for migraineurs. Our study investigates age-dependency of CNV during childhood age. Seventy-six healthy controls and 61 children with migraine without aura (IHS code 1.1) between 6 and 18 years were examined using an acoustic S1-S2-CNV-paradigm with a 3-s inter-stimulus interval. The amplitude of the late component of CNV, as well as total CNV at the vertex (Cz according to the international 10-20 system), were significantly higher in migraineurs without aura than in controls. Healthy controls showed increasing amplitudes of CNV with age, whereas in migraine children without aura amplitudes did not change. Thus group differences were reduced during adolescence. Increased CNV negativity might reflect a biological vulnerability to migraine, rather than being a result of chronification. Migraineurs seem to lack age-dependent development of CNV also during early age, which supports the hypothesis of migraine as a maturation disorder.

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