Deaf and Hearing Children's Performance on a Tactual Perception Battery

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schiff ◽  
Rita Scher Dytell
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Roughness Discrimination ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Correct Discrimination

A battery of tactual sensitivity tests was administered to 300 deaf and hearing children and adolescents. The tests included vibrotactile and two-point sensitivity on several areas of the hand, gap-detection using two stimulation techniques, roughness discrimination, pattern discrimination, and cross-modal object identification. Measures included sensory thresholds, correct discrimination, errors, and in some cases, response latencies. Deaf youngsters were more sensitive than their hearing counterparts with vibrotactile and two-point measures. On most remaining tasks, deaf and hearing Ss' performance accuracies did not differ, although hearing Ss performed faster on all timed tasks. Improvements with age were evident with both speed and accuracy measures for several tasks. Results were discussed as to deaf/hearing differences, and reading achievement scores, active versus passive touch, developmental changes, and relations among the tactual tasks and measures of the battery. The findings strongly suggested that different measures of tactual sensitivity tap quite different sensory and perceptual abilities.

scholarly journals Devising a development test of auditory perception: Problems and prospects

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Abramovitz
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Threshold Phenomena ◽  
Sound Discrimination ◽  
Hearing Children

It is certain that many children whose auditory perception is queried by audiologists, speech therapists, educationists and psychologists elude the diagnostic screens presently available in each of these disciplines. The need for a qualitative and quantitative psychological assessment of the child's auditory abilities and disabilities led to the development of a test which was intended to evaluate the following functions:(a) Recognition of environmental sounds, (b) Auditory figure-ground discrimination, (c) Speech-sound discrimination (phonemic and intonational) and (d) Tonal pattern discrimination (pitch, loudness, duration and interval). It was not intended to investigate threshold phenomena as such but rather to supplement and complement pure-tone and speech audiometry. The test was applied to 205 children, aged five to ten years, drawn from a normal school population, and 232 children with difficulties and handicaps varying both in degree and kind. Only the first two sub-tests were found to be clinically and experimentally viable, and data for the curtailed test are presented. The following results are noteworthy: (1) The test measures functions which are positively related to both age and intelligence. (2) Brain-injured, retarded and emotionally disturbed children generally test low on auditory figure-ground discrimination; this vulnerability is most likely due to perseveration. (3) Previously unsuspected peripheral hearing losses may sometimes be detected by the use of the test. On the other hand, some children said to have high degrees of hearing loss test at or above their age-level. (4) Many deaf and hard-of-hearing children test higher without their hearing-aids; this is probably due to amplification being achieved at the cost of distortion. (5) Children of average intelligence with reading and/or spelling difficulties often test low on auditory figure-ground discrimination. (6) Blind children who have received auditory training are equal to sighted children in recognition of environmental sounds, but superior in auditory figure-ground discrimination. This does not, however, necessarily signify superior auditory perception as such on the part of the blind. In general it is concluded that the development of tests of auditory perception could add significantly to the psycho-educational assessment of both "normal" and handicapped children.

Effects of Training on Response Latency and Accuracy for a Difficult Visual Discrimination

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Response Latency ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Negative Function ◽  
Msec Duration ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Correct Discrimination

The learning of a difficult discrimination task was investigated in a laboratory simulation of a quality control task. In an earlier experiment, observers were trained to discriminate between 2 brief, masked stimulus patterns. Then, a trained and an untrained group of observers were tested on the same stimulus-discrimination task. Response latency as well as P(Dis) were measured in a forced-choice reaction time paradigm. Untrained observers responded with a mean probability of correct discrimination, P(Dis), = .65 for stimuli with 30-msec. duration and mean P(Dis) –.90 for those stimuli with 100-msec. duration. Trained observers produced discrimination scores of P(Dis) greater than or equal to .90 for all stimulus durations tested. Despite this large, reliable training effect of P(Dis), response latencies did not differ reliably between the two groups but instead were a negative function of stimulus duration for both trained and untrained observers.

Cross-language effects in written word recognition: The case of bilingual deaf children

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN ORMEL ◽  
DAAN HERMANS ◽  
HARRY KNOORS ◽  
LUDO VERHOEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Verification Task ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Language Effects ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Iconic Sign ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Contrast Matching ◽  
Cross Language

In recent years, multiple studies have shown that the languages of a bilingual interact during processing. We investigated sign activation as deaf children read words. In a word–picture verification task, we manipulated the underlying sign equivalents. We presented children with word–picture pairs for which the sign translation equivalents varied with respect to sign phonology overlap (i.e., handshape, movement, hand-palm orientation, and location) and sign iconicity (i.e., transparent depiction of meaning or not). For the deaf children, non-matching word–picture pairs with sign translation equivalents that had highly similar elements (i.e., strong sign phonological relations) showed relatively longer response latencies and more errors than non-matching word–picture pairs without sign phonological relations (inhibitory effects). In contrast, matching word–picture pairs with strongly iconic sign translation equivalents showed relatively shorter response latencies and fewer errors than pairs with weakly iconic translation equivalents (facilitatory effects). No such activation effects were found in the word–picture verification task for the hearing children. The results provide evidence for interactive cross-language processing in deaf children.

Protracted Development of Responses to Whisker Deflection in Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shoykhet ◽  
Pranav Shetty ◽  
Brandon S. Minnery ◽  
Daniel J. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Influence Functional ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The rodent whisker-to-barrel pathway constitutes a major model system for studying experience-dependent brain development. Yet little is known about responses of neurons to whisker stimulation in young animals. Response properties of trigeminal ganglion (NV) neurons in 2-, 3-, and 4-week-old and adult rats were examined using extracellular single-unit recordings and controlled whisker stimuli. We found that the receptive field size of NV neurons is mature in 2-week-old animals while response latencies, magnitudes, and angular tuning continue to develop between 2 weeks of age and adulthood. At the earliest time recorded, NV neurons respond to stimulation of only one whisker and can be characterized as slowly or rapidly adapting (SA, RA). The proportion of SA and RA neurons remains constant during development. Consistent with known on-going myelination of NV axons, response latencies decrease with age, becoming adult-like during the third and fourth postnatal weeks for RA and SA neurons, respectively. Unexpectedly, we found that evoked response magnitudes increase several-fold during development becoming adult-like only during the fourth postnatal week. In addition, RA neurons become less selective for whisker deflection angle with age. Maturation of response magnitude and angular tuning is consistent with developmental changes in the mechanical properties of the whisker, the whisker follicle, and the surrounding tissues. The findings indicate that whisker-derived tactile inputs mature during the first postnatal month when whisker-related cortical circuits are susceptible to long-term modification by sensory experience. Thus normal developmental changes in sensory input may influence functional development of cortical circuits.

scholarly journals A package auto-counting model based on tailored YOLO and DeepSort techniques

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 02054
Author(s):  
Sijun Xie ◽  
Yipeng Zhou ◽  
Iker Zhong ◽  
Wenjing Yan ◽  
Qingchuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Counting Model

In the industrial area, the deployment of deep learning models in object detection and tracking are normally too large, also, it requires appropriate trade-offs between speed and accuracy. In this paper, we present a compressed object identification model called Tailored-YOLO (T-YOLO), and builds a lighter deep neural network construction based on the T-YOLO and DeepSort. The model greatly reduces the number of parameters by tailoring the two layers of Conv and BottleneckCSP. We verify the construction by realizing the package counting during the input-output warehouse process. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) is 99.50%, the recognition accuracy of the model is 95.88%, the counting accuracy is 99.80%, and the recall is 99.15%. Compared with the YOLOv5 combined DeepSort model, the proposed optimization method ensures the accuracy of packages recognition and counting and reduces the model parameters by 11MB.

scholarly journals Clustering coefficients of lexical neighborhoods

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Altieri ◽  
Thomas Gruenenfelder ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Lexical Neighborhoods ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

High neighborhood density reduces the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. The two studies reported here investigated whether Clustering Coefficient (CC) — a graph theoretic variable measuring the degree to which a word’s neighbors are neighbors of one another, has similar effects on spoken word recognition. In Experiment 1, we found that high CC words were identified less accurately when spectrally degraded than low CC words. In Experiment 2, using a word repetition procedure, we observed longer response latencies for high CC words compared to low CC words. Taken together, the results of both studies indicate that higher CC leads to slower and less accurate spoken word recognition. The results are discussed in terms of activation-plus-competition models of spoken word recognition.

Effects of Tempo, Musical Experience, and Listening Modes on Tempo Modulation Perception

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Response Latency ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Continuous Response ◽  
Tempo Change ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In this study, I investigated the effects of tempo direction, listening mode, and level of subjects' musical experience on speed and accuracy in tempo change detection abilities. Tempo-change and direction-change examples gradually decelerated, accelerated, or remained steady. Listening mode included listening only, listening and watching a conductor, and listening and moving. The two levels of musical experience were defined as music majors ( n = 80) and nonmajors ( n = 80). Subjects listened to music examples and manipulated a Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI) to demonstrate perception of tempo alteration. Analysis of data included subject response latency and accuracy. Experience was found to be a determinant in quantifiably different temporal response. Music majors more accurately detected tempo changes than did nonmajors. Subjects were generally better at detecting tempo acceleration over tempo deceleration. Subjects demonstrated a slightly lower degree of response accuracy when listening and watching a conductor compared to the conditions of listening alone and listening and moving. Most demonstrated shorter initial response latencies during tempo acceleration. The combined variables of experience, tempo-change direction, and listening condition had an interactive effect on response latency.

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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