Recall of Familiar Objects and Projected Color Photographs of Objects by Mentally Retarded Individuals of Comparable Mental Age

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Shotick ◽  
A. Bartow Ray ◽  
C. Lewis Addison
Keyword(s):  
Memory Span ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Cue Availability ◽  
Familiar Objects

The effects of cue-availability on short-term and long-term recall of 40 mentally retarded children were investigated. Subjects were chosen on the basis of comparable mental age (approximately 90 mo.) and randomly assigned to either an objects (high cues) group or slides (low cues) group. 52 familiar objects served as stimuli for the objects group and projected color photographs of the objects were presented to the slides group. In the short-term recall session the subjects were shown stimuli grouped into eight trials and asked to recall the names of the stimuli in each trial ten seconds after presentation. Delayed recall was obtained 48 hr. later in a free recall session. The objects group scored significantly higher than the slides group on memory span ( p < .01), short-term recall ( p < .001), and delayed recall ( p < .025). The facilitation of recall achieved by using three-dimensional stimuli was clearly demonstrated, and the relative degree of facilitation was comparable for both short- and long-term recall.

Dimensional Salience and Short-Term Memory Recognition in Mentally Retarded Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Swanson ◽  
Bill Watson
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded ◽  
Memory Recognition

The purpose of this investigation was to test the a priori assumption that three-dimensional materials facilitate short-term memory recognition in 10 educable mentally retarded children. Measures from signal detection theory were used to differentiate between strength of memory and response bias. Significantly better recognition was found with three-dimensional material than two-dimensional representations. Primacy and recency effects, as well as a response bias for middle positions, were found in both treatment conditions. Present findings support Haltom's (1970) hierarchy of stimulus salience.

scholarly journals Remember like humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988141769231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning An ◽  
Shi-Ying Sun ◽  
Xiao-Guang Zhao ◽  
Zeng-Guang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Observation Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Register

Visual tracking is a challenging computer vision task due to the significant observation changes of the target. By contrast, the tracking task is relatively easy for humans. In this article, we propose a tracker inspired by the cognitive psychological memory mechanism, which decomposes the tracking task into sensory memory register, short-term memory tracker, and long-term memory tracker like humans. The sensory memory register captures information with three-dimensional perception; the short-term memory tracker builds the highly plastic observation model via memory rehearsal; the long-term memory tracker builds the highly stable observation model via memory encoding and retrieval. With the cooperative models, the tracker can easily handle various tracking scenarios. In addition, an appearance-shape learning method is proposed to update the two-dimensional appearance model and three-dimensional shape model appropriately. Extensive experimental results on a large-scale benchmark data set demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art two-dimensional and three-dimensional trackers in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness.

Long-term memory span

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Nairne ◽  
Ian Neath
Keyword(s):  
Memory Span ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Magical Number ◽  
Capacity Limit

Cowan assumes that chunk-based capacity limits are synonymous with the essence of a “specialized STM mechanism.” In a single experiment, we measured the capacity, or span, of long-term memory and found that it, too, corresponds roughly to the magical number 4. The results imply that a chunk-based capacity limit is not a signature characteristic of remembering over the short-term.

Efficacy of Speech Therapy with Educable Mentally Retarded Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded ◽  
And Control

A two-phase study was conducted to evaluate the articulatory abilities of 777 educable mentally retarded children between the ages of 6 to 16 years in a public school setting. In Phase I, an analysis of articulation acquisition by mental age was computed. The children were then divided into speech-deviant and normal groups, and the articulatory skills of the speech deviant group were analyzed. Substitution and omission errors tended to decrease with increasing mental age, but distortion errors increased. Phase II was an attempt to evaluate the effect of articulation therapy on sound error reduction over a three-year period. The speech-deviant group was subdivided into three groups: Experimental, Placebo, and Control. Differences in sound error reduction among the three groups were not significant.

The Research of Statistic Prediction for Wave Loads Based on Three Dimensional Method

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihan Zhang ◽  
Huilong Ren ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Structural Strength ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frequency Interval ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Term Prediction

The exact prediction of wave loads for ship or other marine structure is the key to its design and the assessment of structural strength, reliability and security. The short-term and long-term prediction of wave loads are always used in direct calculation for structural strength, fatigue strength assessment and so on based on spectral analysis method. In this paper, the numerical calculation method for statistic prediction is discussed firstly, including the Weibull distribution fitted method and the stack method. Further more, it is necessary to find a quick solution in order to improve the efficiency to compute the nonlinear equation in the second method. Then, some main factors that may influence the long-term or short-term prediction are discussed, such as wave spectrum, wave scatter diagram, incident wave angle interval and frequency interval. Finally, the wave loads prediction for a series of typical bulk carriers and oil tankers are calculated by the uniform predict method discussed above base on three dimensional wave loads calculation theory. The results showed that the method used in this paper can predict the statistic value of wave loads induced by irregular incident waves conveniently and efficiently. A rule to choose a series of uniform factors is confirmed for statistic prediction and some empirical formulas for long-term value of wave bending moment are concluded which are very useful in marine engineering.

A Comparison of the Results of a Revised Version of Berko’s Test of Morphology with the Free Speech of Mentally Retarded Children

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Dever
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
School Children ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

A revised version of Berko’s test of morphology was presented to 30 educable mentally retarded public school children, six each from the Mental Age (MA) groups 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Samples of free speech were also elicited from these children. The features tested were compared to the same features in the free speech to see if the test could predict the occurrence or the nonoccurrence of errors in the free speech. Correlational analysis suggested that this was not the case. The conclusion was drawn that the paradigm itself, whether it used nonsense syllables or real words as eliciting stimuli, was not useful in testing development of bound morphemes in educable mentally retarded children.

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