Waste to Energy in Sunter, Jakarta, Indonesia: Plans and Challenges

Waste-to-energy (WtE) power plants in waste management have been applied widespread because it is considered the best waste management solution compared to other waste management technologies. However, Jakarta has relied heavily on landfills regarding its waste management. Bantargebang landfill has been the only landfill owned by Jakarta and has been operating since 1989, so it has almost reached its capacity limit. Thus, to solve the problem, the Provincial Government of Jakarta has planned to build an Intermediate Treatment Facility (ITF) in a WtE power plant in Sunter. This article aims to find out the plans and the challenges of WtE in Sunter, Jakarta. This research was conducted with a literature study on waste to energy in several countries that have applied it to their waste management systems and literature related to the progress of waste to energy development in Indonesia especially ITF Sunter, and the challenges that must be done faced. Based on the literature study, building an ITF is one of the Jakarta Provincial Government’s responsibilities. However, the composition and characteristics of the waste tend to be lower than (WtE) standards, so the waste cannot be effectively processed. Therefore, the use of a pre-treatment facility should be considered.

K-clique percolation in free association networks. The mechanism behind the 7 ± 2 law?

It is important to reveal the mechanisms of propagation in different cognitive networks. In this study we discuss the k-clique percolation phenomenon on the free association networks including "English Small World of Words project" (SWOW-EN). We compare different semantic networks and networks of free associations for different languages. Surprisingly it turned out that k-clique percolation for all k < k c = (6 − 7) is possible on free association networks of different languages. Our analysis suggests the new universality patterns for a community organization of free association networks. We conjecture that our result can provide the qualitative explanation of the Miller’s 7 ± 2 rule for the capacity limit of working memory. The new model of network evolution extending the preferential attachment is suggested which provides the observed value of k c .

Analisis Perbandingan Waktu Perjalanan dan Biaya antara Kendaraan Pribadi dan Transjakarta menggunakan Metode PCI (Studi Kasus : TJ Koridor IX Pinang Ranti-Pluit)

Selection of the use of transportation modes to travel from origin to destination is influenced by various factors. Factors that must be considered include travel time, vehicle operating costs (VOK), and the value of travel time. The purpose of this study is to determine which model will be chosen by the user to travel and discusses the comparative analysis of travel time and cost of public transportation modes, namely Transjakarta and private cars. This research was conducted in DKI Jakarta, precisely in the Transjakarta corridor IX Pinang Ranti-Pluit. Measurement of travel time is done by riding each mode with the same route and time. Secondary data as calculation material was obtained from agencies related to this research. This study analyzes Vehicle Operational Costs (VOK) using the Pacific Consultants International (PCI) method. The results showed that during peak hours, the use of Transjakarta was more effective in terms of time because the travel time required was 11 minutes faster than in private vehicles. Then for the costs incurred, it is also more efficient to use Transjakarta at the cost of Rp. 3,500 per trip. Meanwhile, using a private vehicle of Rp. 14,784 per person with a passenger car capacity of 7 people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a provision for a passenger car capacity limit of 4 people. So the cost of using a private vehicle per person can reach Rp. 25,871.ABSTRAKPemilihan penggunaan moda transportasi untuk melakukan perjalanan dari asal ke tujuan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor. Faktor yang diperhatikan antara lain waktu tempuh, Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) dan nilai waktu perjalanan. Untuk memperkirakan mode apa yang akan dipilih oleh masyarakat untuk bepergian, penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis perbandingan waktu tempuh dan biaya moda transportasi umum yaitu transjakarta dan mobil pribadi. Penelitian ini berlokasi di provinsi DKI Jakarta tepatnya pada koridor IX transjakarta Pinang Ranti-Pluit. Pengukuran waktu perjalanan dilakukan dengan cara menaiki masing-masing moda dengan rute dan waktu yang sama. Data sekunder sebagai bahan perhitungan, diperoleh dari instansi yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Analisis Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Pacific Consultants International (PCI) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jam sibuk penggunaan Transjakarta lebih efektif secara waktu karena waktu tempuh yang diperlukan lebih cepat 11 menit dibandingkan dengan kendaraan pribadi. Kemudian untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan juga lebih efisien menggunakan Transjakarta dengan biaya sebesar Rp 3.500 sekali perjalanan. Sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan menggunakan kendaraan pribadi sebesar Rp 14.784 perorang dengan kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 7 orang. Pada masa pandemic covid-19, terdapat ketentuan batas kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 4 orang. Sehingga biaya menggunakan kendaraan pribadi perorangnya dapat mencapai Rp. 25.871.

Solar Irrigation System, Auto Fencing, Monitoring and Control using IOT

Agricultural strategies are changing quickly as a result of late advances in sustainable power innovation. The new headways in environmentally friendly power can be adequately utilized in the agribusiness area to decrease reliance on regular harvests water system procedures and petroleum derivatives. The Solar-Powered Smart Irrigation System intends to give an IoT arrangement in computerizing the watering interaction utilizing an Arduino-based microcontroller and sensors. It is an energy proficient and eco-accommodating framework that produces power from the photovoltaic cells to supply water to the plants from the water siphons. The watering cycle is driven by the dampness substance of the dirt utilizing sensors. Edge limit are set for soil dampness sensor to guarantee productive and viable utilization of water asset. The fundamental microcontroller unit controls the framework at whatever point the sensor is across limit esteem. Likewise, the framework has implicit temperature and dampness sensors to screen the environment condition on the particular climate. Another sensor is carried out to gauge the water tank level which fills in as capacity limit that provisions the water to the framework. With the incorporation of IoT, mechanized water system can be effectively access and distantly checked over the versatile application through a remote specialized gadget. With these shrewd water system procedures, it replaces the customary water system framework that helps decline the manual intercession and mix-ups

Toward the capacity limit of 2D planar Jones matrix with a single-layer metasurface

The Jones matrix is a useful tool to deal with polarization problems, and its number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) that can be manipulated represents its polarization-controlled capabilities. A metasurface is a planar structure that can control light in a desired manner, which, however, has a limited number of controlled DOFs (≤4) in the Jones matrix. Here, we propose a metasurface design strategy to construct a Jones matrix with six DOFs, approaching the upper-limit number of a 2D planar structure. We experimentally demonstrate several polarization functionalities that can only be achieved with high (five or six) DOFs of the Jones matrix, such as polarization elements with independent amplitude and phase tuning along its fast and slow axes, triple-channel complex-amplitude holography, and triple sets of printing-hologram integrations. Our work provides a platform to design arbitrary complex polarization elements, which paves the way to a broader exploitation of polarization optics.

Non-dimensional method of capacity limit states for the assessment of the safety level in the structures of large panel buildings.

In the article deals with the European safety issues of large-panel buildings from the point of view of exceeding the ULS. The proprietary assessment method was proposed under the name: Dimensional Limit States Method, which is dedicated to the assessment of the safety level in the structures of large-panel buildings. The work was based on many years of computer research conducted by the author. In the paper uses the proprietary construction model of the Wk-70 system building, presents the results for vertical reinforcement inserts.

Analisis Tahapan Konstruksi Jembatan Cable Stayed dengan Metode Kesetimbangan Kantilever

ABSTRAKJembatan cable stayed merupakan struktur jembatan yang memiliki sederetan kabel yang menghubungkan pilon dan girder. Dalam pembangunan jembatan cable stayed perlu dilakukan analisis pada tahap konstruksi. Penelitian ini menganalisis tahapan konstruksi jembatan cable stayed menggunakan metode kesetimbangan kantilever untuk menghasilkan besarnya gaya-gaya dalam yang memenuhi syarat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tegangan kabel maksimum yaitu 404,6 MPa dengan tegangan putus yaitu 837 MPa. Nilai lendutan terendah terdapat pada segmen 1 yaitu 0,001 m. Nilai lendutan tertinggi terdapat pada segmen 20 yaitu 0,167 m. Kemudian mengalami penurunan pada tahap 21 sebesar 0,153 m. Lendutan yang terjadi memiliki nilai di bawah lendutan izin yaitu 0,375 m. Momen terbesar terjadi pada segmen 21 yaitu 18.286,31 kNm; sedangkan yang terendah pada segmen 11 yaitu 20,43 kNm. Momen maksimum yang terjadi akibat layan yaitu 68.003 kNm dengan batas kapasitas izin yaitu 190.500,13 kNm. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur jembatan aman pada tahap pelaksanaan dan juga pasca konstruksi.Kata Kunci: cable stayed, tegangan kabel, lendutan, gaya dalam ABSTRACTThe cable-stayed bridge is structure of a bridge that have an align of cables which connecting to a pilon and a girder. Through a cable-stayed bridge constructor, it is necessary to construge stage. This research analyzing a phase of constructor a cable-stayed bridge using equilibrium cantiveler method's to produce a within forces which is fullfill requirement. According to the result of the research, the highest tension of the cable is 404.6 MPa and ultimate tension is 837 MPa. The lowest deflection value occur at the segment 1 is 0.001 m. The highest deflection value occur at the segment 20 is 0.0167 m. Subsequently undergo decreasing on the phase 21 is 0.153 m. The deflection that occur has value below the deflection permit is 0.375 m. The highest moment occur at the segment 21 is 18,286.31 kNm; on the other hand the lowest moment occur at the segment 11 is 20.43 kNm. The maximum moment that occurs due to the service is 68,003 kNm with a permit capacity limit og 190,500.13 kNm. According to the result of the research, so that in conclude, the structure is safe on the execution phase and also the post-construction phase.Keywords: cable stayed, tension cable, displacement, beam force

Effect of porphyrin metal center on synthesis, structure, morphology and oxygen reduction properties of porphyrin encapsulated metal organic frameworks

A series of different metal centered 5,15-Bis(4-aminophenyl)-10,20-bis(4-bromophenyl)porphyrins (PorM) where M = H2, MnOAc, FeCl, Co or Zn were synthesized, and then encapsulated in zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) by typical template directed strategy to generate PorM@ZIF-8 metal organic frameworks (MOFs). These composites were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, FESEM and HRTEM methods. Each prepared PorM@ZIF-8 MOF retained the molecular structure of porphyrin and crystal structure of ZIF-8. It is clearly shown that porphyrin centered metal ions will affect MOFs morphology. Both PorH2@ZIF-8 and PorZn@ZIF-8 gave a rhombic dodecahedron, PorMnOAc@ZIF-8 gave a truncated hexagonal prism-like structure, while no specific structures were obtained for PorFeCl@ZIF-8 and PorCo@ZIF-8 due to aggregation as characterized by FESEM spectrum. Oxygen reduction catalytic ability of ZIF-8, PorM and PorM@ZIF-8 were measured in alkaline condition (0.1 M KOH) with the number of electrons transferred being [Formula: see text] = 2.20–2.60 and generating HO[Formula: see text] as the oxygen reduction product. The catalytic property slightly increased after the porphyrin was encapsulated, due possibly to the capacity limit, inappropriate molecular distance or the direction of encapsulated porphyrin molecular.